4.5.1
The Environment
El Medio Ambiente - The Environment
El Medio Ambiente - The Environment
Key vocab
Key vocab
- El medio ambiente - the environment.
- El cambio climático - climate change.
- La energía renovable - renewable energy.
- Aumentar - to increase.
- Luchar - to fight.
- El calentamiento global - global warming.
- El planeta (🌍) - the planet.
- Los combustibles fósiles (⛽) - fossil fuels.
- El efecto invernadero - the greenhouse effect.
El cambio climático
El cambio climático
- Si no dejamos de utilizar los combustibles fósiles (⛽), no podremos proteger el medio ambiente.
- If we don't stop using fossil fuels, we will not be able to protect the environment.
- Tenemos que luchar contra el cambio climático.
- We have to fight against climate change.
- Es evidente que la energía renovable es el futuro.
- It is obvious that renewable energy is the future.
Los gobiernos mundiales
Los gobiernos mundiales
- La lucha contra el cambio climático; ¿Debería ser un esfuerzo mundial?
- The fight against climate change; should it be a global effort?
- Claro que sí, es necesario que los gobiernos mundiales trabajan juntos para abordar este problema. Hoy en día, nuestro planeta (🌍) necesita las leyes estrictas contra la contaminación.
- Of course, it's necessary that world governments work together to tackle this problem. Now, our planet needs strict laws against pollution.
El reciclaje
El reciclaje
- ¿Qué haces en tu casa?
- What do you do in your house?
- Intentamos reciclar tanto como sea posible. Además no comemos carne cada día y también apagamos los luces para ahorrar electricidad.
- We try to recycle as much as possible. As well as this we do not eat meat every day and we also turn off the light to save energy.
Los Efectos del Cambio Climático - The Effects of Climate Change
Los Efectos del Cambio Climático - The Effects of Climate Change
Key vocab
Key vocab
- La inundación - flooding.
- Un incendio forestal - a forest fire.
- La capa de ozono - the ozone layer.
- La sequía - drought.
- La escasez - shortage, want, lack.
- Arruinar - to ruin, spoil.
- La lluvia ácida - acid rain.
- El atasco, un embotellamiento - traffic jam.
- La deforestación - deforestation.
Los efectos
Los efectos
- Los combustibles fósiles causan la lluvia ácida.
- Fossil fuels cause acid rain.
- Cada año la sequía arruina más y más cultivos.
- Every year drought ruins more and more crops.
- La deforestación es una causa principal del agujero de la capa de ozono.
- Deforestation is a main cause of the hole in the ozone.
Problemas ecológicos
Problemas ecológicos
- ¿Cuáles son los problemas ecológicos que te preocupan más?.
- What are the environmental problems that worry you the most?
- La inundación me preocupa más, porque es cada vez más frecuente y no solo amenaza la vida humana sino también la vida de los animales
- Flooding worries me the most, because it is more and more frequent and not only does it threaten human life but also animal life.
El problema del tráfico
El problema del tráfico
- ¿Qué opinas del problema del tráfico? ¿Es un problema grave?
- What do you think of the traffic problem? Is it a serious problem?
- Creo que es un problema grave porque año tras año hay más autos en circulación. Sin embargo, muchos gobiernos han introducido leyes para reducir la cantidad de coches.
- I think that it is a serious problem because year after year there are more cars on the roads. However a lot of governments have introduced laws to reduce the number of cars.
Impersonal Expressions Using 'Ser'
Impersonal Expressions Using 'Ser'
The 'él/ella' form of 'ser' can be used with an adjective followed by 'que' to create an impersonal opinion.
Es + adjective + que
Es + adjective + que
- To create an impersonal opinion you need to use the 'él/ella' form of 'ser'.
- You use the normal present tense form of verbs after the following impersonal expressions.
- You cannot express any doubt in these phrases.
1The Basics
1.1Pronouns
1.4Adjectives
1.5Abbreviations
2Current & Future Study & Employment
2.1School & Subjects
2.2School & Subjects - Translations
2.3Education Post - 16
3Identity & Culture
3.1Me, My Family & Friends
3.1.1Greetings
3.1.2Age & Name
3.1.3Physical Appearance
3.1.4Friends
3.1.5Personality
3.1.6Whose Father? Whose Parents?
3.1.7Family Members
3.1.8Other Family Members
3.1.9Describing Family
3.1.10Describing People
3.1.11Exam-Style Questions - Describing People
3.1.12Exam-Style Questions - Family
3.1.13Relationships
3.1.14Exam-Style Questions - Relationships
3.1.15Tener
3.1.16Ser
3.2Me, My Family & Friends - Translations
3.2.1Greetings - Spanish to English
3.2.2Greetings - English to Spanish
3.2.3Greetings - Translations
3.2.4Age & Name - Spanish to English
3.2.5Age & Name - English to Spanish
3.2.6Age & Name - Translations
3.2.7Describing Yourself - Spanish to English
3.2.8Describing Yourself - English to Spanish
3.2.9Describing Yourself - Translations
3.2.10Friends - English to Spanish
3.2.11Friends - Spanish to English
3.2.12Friends - Translations
3.2.13Personality - Spanish to English
3.2.14Personality - English to Spanish
3.2.15Personality - Translations
3.2.16Family - Spanish to English
3.2.17Family - English to Spanish
3.2.18Family - Translations
3.2.19Describing Family - Spanish to English
3.2.20Describing Family - English to Spanish
3.2.21Describing Family - Translations
3.2.22Relationships - Spanish to English
3.2.23Relationships - English to Spanish
3.2.24Relationships - Translations
3.3Technology in Everyday Life
3.4Technology in Everyday Life - Translations
3.5Free Time Activities
3.6Free Time Activities - Translations
3.6.1Music - Spanish to English
3.6.2Music - English to Spanish
3.6.3Music - Translations
3.6.4Cinema & TV - Spanish to English
3.6.5Cinema & TV - English to Spanish
3.6.6Cinema & TV - Translations
3.6.7Food - Spanish to English
3.6.8Food - English to Spanish
3.6.9Food - Translations
3.6.10Meat & Fish - Spanish to English
3.6.11Meat & Fish - English to Spanish
3.6.12Meat & Fish - Translations
3.6.13Fruit & Veg - Spanish to English
3.6.14Fruit & Veg - English to Spanish
3.6.15Fruit & Veg - Translations
3.6.16Drinks & Snacks - Spanish to English
3.6.17Drinks & Snacks - English to Spanish
3.6.18Drinks & Snacks - Translations
3.6.19Eating Out - Spanish to English
3.6.20Eating Out - English to Spanish
3.6.21Eating Out - Translations
3.6.22Sport - Spanish to English
3.6.23Sport- English to Spanish
3.6.24Sport - Translations
3.6.25Fashion - Spanish to English
3.6.26Fashion - English to Spanish
3.6.27Fashion - Translations
3.7Customs & Festivals in Spanish Speaking Countries
3.8Customs & Festivals - Translations
4Areas of Interest
4.1Home, Town, Neighbourhood & Region
4.2Home, Town, Neighbourhood & Region - Translations
4.2.1Home - Spanish to English
4.2.2Home - English to Spanish
4.2.3Home - Translations
4.2.4Near Your Home - Spanish to English
4.2.5Near Your Home - English to Spanish
4.2.6Near Your Home - Translations
4.2.7Shops - Spanish to English
4.2.8Shops - English to Spanish
4.2.9Shops - Translations
4.2.10Places in Town - Spanish to English
4.2.11Places in Town - English to Spanish
4.2.12Places in Town - Translations
4.2.13Region & Directions - English to Spanish
4.2.14Region & Directions - Spanish to English
4.2.15Region & Directions - Translations
4.3Social Issues
4.4Social Issues - Translations
4.4.1Charity - English to Spanish
4.4.2Charity - Spanish to English
4.4.3Charity - Translations
4.4.4Body & Illness - Spanish to English
4.4.5Body & Illness - English to Spanish
4.4.6Body & Illness - Translations
4.4.7Healthy Life - Spanish to English
4.4.8Healthy Life - English to Spanish
4.4.9A Healthy Life - Translations
4.5Global Issues
4.6Global Issues - Translations
4.7Travel & Tourism
4.8Travel & Tourism - Translations
4.8.1Holidays - Spanish to English
4.8.2Holidays - English to Spanish
4.8.3Holidays - Translations
4.8.4Booking - Spanish to English
4.8.5Booking - English to Spanish
4.8.6Booking - Translations
4.8.7Tourism - Spanish to English
4.8.8Tourism - English to Spanish
4.8.9Tourism - Translations
4.8.10Weather - Spanish to English
4.8.11Weather - English to Spanish
4.8.12Weather - Translations
5Listening Practice
5.1Me, My Family & Friends - Listening
5.2Technology in Everyday Life - Listening
5.3Free-Time - Listening
5.3.1Music - Listening (All)
5.3.2Music - Listening (Higher)
5.3.3Cinema & TV - Listening (All)
5.3.4Cinema & TV - Listening (Higher)
5.3.5Food & Eating Out - Listening (All)
5.3.6Food & Eating Out - Listening (Higher)
5.3.7Sport - Listening (All)
5.3.8Sport - Listening (Higher)
5.3.9Exam-Style Questions - Sport
5.4Customs & Festivals - Listening
5.5Home, Town, Neighbourhood & Region - Listening
5.6Social Issues - Listening
5.7Travel & Tourism - Listening
5.8Education - Listening
6Common Tenses
6.1Present Tense
6.1.1Regular AR Verbs
6.1.25 Common AR Verbs
6.1.3Negative Verbs
6.1.4Irregular AR Verbs
6.1.5Irregular AR Verbs - Exceptions
6.1.6Regular ER Verbs
6.1.75 Common ER Verbs
6.1.8Irregular ER Verbs
6.1.9Irregular ER Verbs - First Person Stem Changes
6.1.10Regular IR Verbs
6.1.115 Common IR Verbs
6.1.12Irregular IR Verbs
6.1.13Irregular IR Verbs - Adding an Accent
6.1.14Irregular IR Verbs - Exceptions
6.1.15Irregular IR Verbs - 'Ir'
6.1.16Irregular IR Verbs - Verbs Ending in '-uir'
6.1.17Verb Phrases
6.1.18The Use of 'Se'
6.2Preterite Tense
6.2.1Regular AR Verbs
6.2.2Irregular AR Verbs
6.2.3Irregular AR Verbs 2
6.2.4Regular ER Verbs
6.2.5Irregular ER Verbs
6.2.6Irregular ER Verbs - Ver & Tener
6.2.7Irregular ER Verbs 2
6.2.8Regular IR Verbs
6.2.9Irregular IR Verbs - Preterite
6.2.10Irregular IR Verbs - Decir, Venir & Ir
6.2.11Irregular IR Verbs 3
6.3Imperfect Tense
6.4Preterite vs Imperfect Tenses
6.5Future Tense
7Important Verbs
7.1To Be - 'Ser' & 'Estar'
7.2To Like - 'Gustar'
7.3To Have - 'Tener'
8Advanced Tenses
8.1The Simple Future
8.2Conditional Tense
8.3Continuous Tenses
8.5Present Subjunctive
8.5.1Present Subjunctive - Regular AR Verbs
8.5.2Present Subjunctive - Regular ER Verbs
8.5.3Present Subjunctive - Regular IR Verbs
8.5.4Present Subjunctive - Irregular AR Verbs
8.5.5Irregular AR Verbs 2
8.5.6Irregular AR Verbs 3
8.5.7Present Subjunctive - Irregular ER Verbs
8.5.8Irregular ER Verbs 2
8.5.9Irregular IR Verbs
8.5.10Irregular IR Verbs 2
8.5.11Irregular IR Verbs 3
8.5.12Present Subjunctive - Uses
8.6Imperfect Subjunctive
9Extra Grammar
9.1Articles
9.2Negatives
9.3Nouns
9.3.1People & Animals
9.3.2Nouns that Stay the Same
9.3.3Nouns that Only Take One Article
9.3.4Masculine vs Feminine Nouns
9.3.5Masculine Exceptions
9.3.6Feminine Exceptions
9.3.7Noun Endings that Are Usually Feminine
9.3.8Noun Endings that Are Usually Masculine
9.3.9Nouns that End in a Vowel
9.3.10Nouns that End in a Consonant
9.3.11Masculine Nouns
9.3.12Masculine & Feminine Nouns
9.4Asking Questions
9.5Adjectives
9.5.1Adjectives that Change Endings
9.5.2Adjectives that Remain the Same
9.5.3'Grande' & 'Bueno'
9.5.4Plurals Ending in a Consonant (r, l, s, d etc.)
9.5.5Plurals Ending in a Vowel (a, e etc.)
9.5.6The Best, The Worst
9.5.7This, These, That and Those
9.5.8Possession Before a Noun
9.5.9Possession After a Noun
9.5.10Whose
9.5.11Indefinite
9.8Pronouns
9.9By, With, From, Of
9.10Verbs
Jump to other topics
1The Basics
1.1Pronouns
1.4Adjectives
1.5Abbreviations
2Current & Future Study & Employment
2.1School & Subjects
2.2School & Subjects - Translations
2.3Education Post - 16
3Identity & Culture
3.1Me, My Family & Friends
3.1.1Greetings
3.1.2Age & Name
3.1.3Physical Appearance
3.1.4Friends
3.1.5Personality
3.1.6Whose Father? Whose Parents?
3.1.7Family Members
3.1.8Other Family Members
3.1.9Describing Family
3.1.10Describing People
3.1.11Exam-Style Questions - Describing People
3.1.12Exam-Style Questions - Family
3.1.13Relationships
3.1.14Exam-Style Questions - Relationships
3.1.15Tener
3.1.16Ser
3.2Me, My Family & Friends - Translations
3.2.1Greetings - Spanish to English
3.2.2Greetings - English to Spanish
3.2.3Greetings - Translations
3.2.4Age & Name - Spanish to English
3.2.5Age & Name - English to Spanish
3.2.6Age & Name - Translations
3.2.7Describing Yourself - Spanish to English
3.2.8Describing Yourself - English to Spanish
3.2.9Describing Yourself - Translations
3.2.10Friends - English to Spanish
3.2.11Friends - Spanish to English
3.2.12Friends - Translations
3.2.13Personality - Spanish to English
3.2.14Personality - English to Spanish
3.2.15Personality - Translations
3.2.16Family - Spanish to English
3.2.17Family - English to Spanish
3.2.18Family - Translations
3.2.19Describing Family - Spanish to English
3.2.20Describing Family - English to Spanish
3.2.21Describing Family - Translations
3.2.22Relationships - Spanish to English
3.2.23Relationships - English to Spanish
3.2.24Relationships - Translations
3.3Technology in Everyday Life
3.4Technology in Everyday Life - Translations
3.5Free Time Activities
3.6Free Time Activities - Translations
3.6.1Music - Spanish to English
3.6.2Music - English to Spanish
3.6.3Music - Translations
3.6.4Cinema & TV - Spanish to English
3.6.5Cinema & TV - English to Spanish
3.6.6Cinema & TV - Translations
3.6.7Food - Spanish to English
3.6.8Food - English to Spanish
3.6.9Food - Translations
3.6.10Meat & Fish - Spanish to English
3.6.11Meat & Fish - English to Spanish
3.6.12Meat & Fish - Translations
3.6.13Fruit & Veg - Spanish to English
3.6.14Fruit & Veg - English to Spanish
3.6.15Fruit & Veg - Translations
3.6.16Drinks & Snacks - Spanish to English
3.6.17Drinks & Snacks - English to Spanish
3.6.18Drinks & Snacks - Translations
3.6.19Eating Out - Spanish to English
3.6.20Eating Out - English to Spanish
3.6.21Eating Out - Translations
3.6.22Sport - Spanish to English
3.6.23Sport- English to Spanish
3.6.24Sport - Translations
3.6.25Fashion - Spanish to English
3.6.26Fashion - English to Spanish
3.6.27Fashion - Translations
3.7Customs & Festivals in Spanish Speaking Countries
3.8Customs & Festivals - Translations
4Areas of Interest
4.1Home, Town, Neighbourhood & Region
4.2Home, Town, Neighbourhood & Region - Translations
4.2.1Home - Spanish to English
4.2.2Home - English to Spanish
4.2.3Home - Translations
4.2.4Near Your Home - Spanish to English
4.2.5Near Your Home - English to Spanish
4.2.6Near Your Home - Translations
4.2.7Shops - Spanish to English
4.2.8Shops - English to Spanish
4.2.9Shops - Translations
4.2.10Places in Town - Spanish to English
4.2.11Places in Town - English to Spanish
4.2.12Places in Town - Translations
4.2.13Region & Directions - English to Spanish
4.2.14Region & Directions - Spanish to English
4.2.15Region & Directions - Translations
4.3Social Issues
4.4Social Issues - Translations
4.4.1Charity - English to Spanish
4.4.2Charity - Spanish to English
4.4.3Charity - Translations
4.4.4Body & Illness - Spanish to English
4.4.5Body & Illness - English to Spanish
4.4.6Body & Illness - Translations
4.4.7Healthy Life - Spanish to English
4.4.8Healthy Life - English to Spanish
4.4.9A Healthy Life - Translations
4.5Global Issues
4.6Global Issues - Translations
4.7Travel & Tourism
4.8Travel & Tourism - Translations
4.8.1Holidays - Spanish to English
4.8.2Holidays - English to Spanish
4.8.3Holidays - Translations
4.8.4Booking - Spanish to English
4.8.5Booking - English to Spanish
4.8.6Booking - Translations
4.8.7Tourism - Spanish to English
4.8.8Tourism - English to Spanish
4.8.9Tourism - Translations
4.8.10Weather - Spanish to English
4.8.11Weather - English to Spanish
4.8.12Weather - Translations
5Listening Practice
5.1Me, My Family & Friends - Listening
5.2Technology in Everyday Life - Listening
5.3Free-Time - Listening
5.3.1Music - Listening (All)
5.3.2Music - Listening (Higher)
5.3.3Cinema & TV - Listening (All)
5.3.4Cinema & TV - Listening (Higher)
5.3.5Food & Eating Out - Listening (All)
5.3.6Food & Eating Out - Listening (Higher)
5.3.7Sport - Listening (All)
5.3.8Sport - Listening (Higher)
5.3.9Exam-Style Questions - Sport
5.4Customs & Festivals - Listening
5.5Home, Town, Neighbourhood & Region - Listening
5.6Social Issues - Listening
5.7Travel & Tourism - Listening
5.8Education - Listening
6Common Tenses
6.1Present Tense
6.1.1Regular AR Verbs
6.1.25 Common AR Verbs
6.1.3Negative Verbs
6.1.4Irregular AR Verbs
6.1.5Irregular AR Verbs - Exceptions
6.1.6Regular ER Verbs
6.1.75 Common ER Verbs
6.1.8Irregular ER Verbs
6.1.9Irregular ER Verbs - First Person Stem Changes
6.1.10Regular IR Verbs
6.1.115 Common IR Verbs
6.1.12Irregular IR Verbs
6.1.13Irregular IR Verbs - Adding an Accent
6.1.14Irregular IR Verbs - Exceptions
6.1.15Irregular IR Verbs - 'Ir'
6.1.16Irregular IR Verbs - Verbs Ending in '-uir'
6.1.17Verb Phrases
6.1.18The Use of 'Se'
6.2Preterite Tense
6.2.1Regular AR Verbs
6.2.2Irregular AR Verbs
6.2.3Irregular AR Verbs 2
6.2.4Regular ER Verbs
6.2.5Irregular ER Verbs
6.2.6Irregular ER Verbs - Ver & Tener
6.2.7Irregular ER Verbs 2
6.2.8Regular IR Verbs
6.2.9Irregular IR Verbs - Preterite
6.2.10Irregular IR Verbs - Decir, Venir & Ir
6.2.11Irregular IR Verbs 3
6.3Imperfect Tense
6.4Preterite vs Imperfect Tenses
6.5Future Tense
7Important Verbs
7.1To Be - 'Ser' & 'Estar'
7.2To Like - 'Gustar'
7.3To Have - 'Tener'
8Advanced Tenses
8.1The Simple Future
8.2Conditional Tense
8.3Continuous Tenses
8.5Present Subjunctive
8.5.1Present Subjunctive - Regular AR Verbs
8.5.2Present Subjunctive - Regular ER Verbs
8.5.3Present Subjunctive - Regular IR Verbs
8.5.4Present Subjunctive - Irregular AR Verbs
8.5.5Irregular AR Verbs 2
8.5.6Irregular AR Verbs 3
8.5.7Present Subjunctive - Irregular ER Verbs
8.5.8Irregular ER Verbs 2
8.5.9Irregular IR Verbs
8.5.10Irregular IR Verbs 2
8.5.11Irregular IR Verbs 3
8.5.12Present Subjunctive - Uses
8.6Imperfect Subjunctive
9Extra Grammar
9.1Articles
9.2Negatives
9.3Nouns
9.3.1People & Animals
9.3.2Nouns that Stay the Same
9.3.3Nouns that Only Take One Article
9.3.4Masculine vs Feminine Nouns
9.3.5Masculine Exceptions
9.3.6Feminine Exceptions
9.3.7Noun Endings that Are Usually Feminine
9.3.8Noun Endings that Are Usually Masculine
9.3.9Nouns that End in a Vowel
9.3.10Nouns that End in a Consonant
9.3.11Masculine Nouns
9.3.12Masculine & Feminine Nouns
9.4Asking Questions
9.5Adjectives
9.5.1Adjectives that Change Endings
9.5.2Adjectives that Remain the Same
9.5.3'Grande' & 'Bueno'
9.5.4Plurals Ending in a Consonant (r, l, s, d etc.)
9.5.5Plurals Ending in a Vowel (a, e etc.)
9.5.6The Best, The Worst
9.5.7This, These, That and Those
9.5.8Possession Before a Noun
9.5.9Possession After a Noun
9.5.10Whose
9.5.11Indefinite
9.8Pronouns
9.9By, With, From, Of
9.10Verbs
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