8.4.1

Past Participles

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Regular Past Participles

To form the past participle, remove the infinitive ending and add the endings ‘ado’ or ‘ido’ to the verb stem.

Illustrative background for AR verbsIllustrative background for AR verbs ?? "content

AR verbs

  • To form the past participles of AR verbs, take the infinitive and replace the ‘ar’ with ’ado'.
    • Estudiarestudiado (studied).
Illustrative background for IR and ER verbsIllustrative background for IR and ER verbs ?? "content

IR and ER verbs

  • To form the past participles of IR verbs, take the infinitive and replace the 'ir' with 'ido'.
    • Salirsalido (gone out).
  • To form the past participles of ER verbs, take the infinitive and replace the 'er' with 'ido'.
    • Conocerconocido (known).

Irregular Past Participles

There are certain irregular past participles and there is no rule to help learn them. But they can be grouped in certain irregular patterns. Derivatives of these verbs will follow the same pattern.

Illustrative background for Ending in 'ierto'Illustrative background for Ending in 'ierto' ?? "content

Ending in 'ierto'

  • Abrir → abierto (opened).
  • Cubrir → cubierto (covered).
  • Descubrir → descubierto (discovered).
Illustrative background for Ending in 'ito'Illustrative background for Ending in 'ito' ?? "content

Ending in 'ito'

  • Escribir → escrito (written).
  • Describir → descrito (described).
  • Freír → frito (fried).
Illustrative background for Ending in 'sto'Illustrative background for Ending in 'sto' ?? "content

Ending in 'sto'

  • Ver → visto (seen).
  • Poner → puesto (put).
    • The derivatives of 'poner' also follow this pattern.
      • Imponer → impuesto (imposed).
      • Suponer → supuesto (supposed).
Illustrative background for Ending in 'cho'Illustrative background for Ending in 'cho' ?? "content

Ending in 'cho'

  • Decir → dicho (said).
  • Hacer → hecho (done).

Irregular Past Participles

These are the final three irregular past participles. Derivatives of these verbs follow the same pattern.

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1The Basics

2Current & Future Study & Employment

2.1School & Subjects

2.2School & Subjects - Translations (Foundation)

2.3School & Subjects - Translations (Higher)

2.4Education Post - 16

2.5Education Post - 16 - Translations (Foundation)

2.6Education Post - 16 - Translations (Higher)

3Identity & Culture

3.1Me, My Family & Friends

3.2Me, Family & Friends - Translations (Foundation)

3.3Me, Family & Friends - Translations (Higher)

3.4Technology in Everyday Life

3.5Tech in Everyday Life - Translations (Foundation)

3.6Tech in Everyday Life - Translations (Higher)

3.7Free Time Activities

3.8Free Time Activities - Translations (Foundation)

3.9Free Time Activities - Translations (Higher)

3.10Customs & Festivals in Spanish Speaking Countries

3.11Customs & Festivals - Translations (Foundation)

3.12Customs & Festivals - Translations (Higher)

4Areas of Interest

4.1Home, Town, Neighbourhood & Region

4.2Home & Region - Translations (Foundation)

4.3Home & Region - Translations (Higher)

4.4Social Issues

4.5Social Issues - Translations (Foundation)

4.6Social Issues - Translations (Higher)

4.7Global Issues

4.8Global Issues - Translations

4.9Travel & Tourism

4.10Travel & Tourism - Translations

5Listening Practice

6Common Tenses

7Important Verbs

8Advanced Tenses

9Extra Grammar

9.1Articles

9.2Negatives

9.3Nouns

9.4Asking Questions

9.5Adjectives

9.6Adverbs

9.7Conjunctions

9.8Pronouns

9.9By, With, From, Of

9.10Verbs

9.11Comparisons

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