8.4.1
Past Participles
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Regular Past Participles
To form the past participle, remove the infinitive ending and add the endings ‘ado’ or ‘ido’ to the verb stem.

AR verbs
- To form the past participles of AR verbs, take the infinitive and replace the ‘ar’ with ’ado'.
- Estudiar → estudiado (studied).

IR and ER verbs
- To form the past participles of IR verbs, take the infinitive and replace the 'ir' with 'ido'.
- Salir → salido (gone out).
- To form the past participles of ER verbs, take the infinitive and replace the 'er' with 'ido'.
- Conocer → conocido (known).
Irregular Past Participles
There are certain irregular past participles and there is no rule to help learn them. But they can be grouped in certain irregular patterns. Derivatives of these verbs will follow the same pattern.

Ending in 'ierto'
- Abrir → abierto (opened).
- Cubrir → cubierto (covered).
- Descubrir → descubierto (discovered).

Ending in 'ito'
- Escribir → escrito (written).
- Describir → descrito (described).
- Freír → frito (fried).

Ending in 'sto'
- Ver → visto (seen).
- Poner → puesto (put).
- The derivatives of 'poner' also follow this pattern.
- Imponer → impuesto (imposed).
- Suponer → supuesto (supposed).
- The derivatives of 'poner' also follow this pattern.

Ending in 'cho'
- Decir → dicho (said).
- Hacer → hecho (done).
Irregular Past Participles
These are the final three irregular past participles. Derivatives of these verbs follow the same pattern.
1The Basics
1.1Pronouns
2Current & Future Study & Employment
2.1School & Subjects
2.2School & Subjects - Translations (Foundation)
2.3School & Subjects - Translations (Higher)
2.4Education Post - 16
2.5Education Post - 16 - Translations (Foundation)
2.6Education Post - 16 - Translations (Higher)
3Identity & Culture
3.1Me, My Family & Friends
3.2Me, Family & Friends - Translations (Foundation)
3.3Me, Family & Friends - Translations (Higher)
3.4Technology in Everyday Life
3.5Tech in Everyday Life - Translations (Foundation)
3.6Tech in Everyday Life - Translations (Higher)
3.7Free Time Activities
3.8Free Time Activities - Translations (Foundation)
3.9Free Time Activities - Translations (Higher)
3.10Customs & Festivals in Spanish Speaking Countries
3.11Customs & Festivals - Translations (Foundation)
3.12Customs & Festivals - Translations (Higher)
4Areas of Interest
4.1Home, Town, Neighbourhood & Region
4.2Home & Region - Translations (Foundation)
4.3Home & Region - Translations (Higher)
4.4Social Issues
4.5Social Issues - Translations (Foundation)
4.6Social Issues - Translations (Higher)
4.7Global Issues
4.8Global Issues - Translations
4.9Travel & Tourism
4.10Travel & Tourism - Translations
5Listening Practice
5.1Time Expressions - Listening
5.2Me, My Family & Friends - Listening
5.3Technology in Everyday Life - Listening
5.4Free-Time - Listening
5.5Customs & Festivals - Listening
5.6Home, Town, Neighbourhood & Region - Listening
5.7Social Issues - Listening
5.8Travel & Tourism - Listening
5.9Education - Listening
5.10Food & Drink - Listening
5.11In the Home - Listening
5.12Colours - Listening
5.13Clothes & Accesories - Listening
5.14Measurements - Listening
5.15Materials - Listening
6Common Tenses
6.1Present Tense
6.2Preterite Tense
6.3Imperfect Tense
6.4Preterite vs Imperfect Tenses
6.5Future Tense
7Important Verbs
7.1To Be - 'Ser' & 'Estar'
7.2To Like - 'Gustar'
7.3To Have - 'Tener'
8Advanced Tenses
8.1The Simple Future
8.2Conditional Tense
8.3Continuous Tenses
8.5Present Subjunctive
8.6Imperfect Subjunctive
9Extra Grammar
9.1Articles
9.2Negatives
9.3Nouns
9.4Asking Questions
9.5Adjectives
9.8Pronouns
9.9By, With, From, Of
9.10Verbs
Jump to other topics
1The Basics
1.1Pronouns
2Current & Future Study & Employment
2.1School & Subjects
2.2School & Subjects - Translations (Foundation)
2.3School & Subjects - Translations (Higher)
2.4Education Post - 16
2.5Education Post - 16 - Translations (Foundation)
2.6Education Post - 16 - Translations (Higher)
3Identity & Culture
3.1Me, My Family & Friends
3.2Me, Family & Friends - Translations (Foundation)
3.3Me, Family & Friends - Translations (Higher)
3.4Technology in Everyday Life
3.5Tech in Everyday Life - Translations (Foundation)
3.6Tech in Everyday Life - Translations (Higher)
3.7Free Time Activities
3.8Free Time Activities - Translations (Foundation)
3.9Free Time Activities - Translations (Higher)
3.10Customs & Festivals in Spanish Speaking Countries
3.11Customs & Festivals - Translations (Foundation)
3.12Customs & Festivals - Translations (Higher)
4Areas of Interest
4.1Home, Town, Neighbourhood & Region
4.2Home & Region - Translations (Foundation)
4.3Home & Region - Translations (Higher)
4.4Social Issues
4.5Social Issues - Translations (Foundation)
4.6Social Issues - Translations (Higher)
4.7Global Issues
4.8Global Issues - Translations
4.9Travel & Tourism
4.10Travel & Tourism - Translations
5Listening Practice
5.1Time Expressions - Listening
5.2Me, My Family & Friends - Listening
5.3Technology in Everyday Life - Listening
5.4Free-Time - Listening
5.5Customs & Festivals - Listening
5.6Home, Town, Neighbourhood & Region - Listening
5.7Social Issues - Listening
5.8Travel & Tourism - Listening
5.9Education - Listening
5.10Food & Drink - Listening
5.11In the Home - Listening
5.12Colours - Listening
5.13Clothes & Accesories - Listening
5.14Measurements - Listening
5.15Materials - Listening
6Common Tenses
6.1Present Tense
6.2Preterite Tense
6.3Imperfect Tense
6.4Preterite vs Imperfect Tenses
6.5Future Tense
7Important Verbs
7.1To Be - 'Ser' & 'Estar'
7.2To Like - 'Gustar'
7.3To Have - 'Tener'
8Advanced Tenses
8.1The Simple Future
8.2Conditional Tense
8.3Continuous Tenses
8.5Present Subjunctive
8.6Imperfect Subjunctive
9Extra Grammar
9.1Articles
9.2Negatives
9.3Nouns
9.4Asking Questions
9.5Adjectives
9.8Pronouns
9.9By, With, From, Of
9.10Verbs
Practice questions on Past Participles
Can you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.
- 1What is the past participle of 'ser' in Spanish?Multiple choice
- 2¿Qué significa 'salido' en Inglés?Multiple choice
- 3What is the past participle of 'ver' in Spanish?Multiple choice
- 4Select the correct past participles:True / false
- 5¿Cómo diríais 'done' en Español?Multiple choice
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