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Forming the Gerund

The gerund is formed by adding 'ando' or 'iendo' to the stem of the verb.

AR verbs

AR verbs

  • To form the gerund of AR verbs, take the infinitive and replace the 'ar' with 'ando'.
    • Bailar → bailando.
ER/IR verbs

ER/IR verbs

  • To form the gerund of ER and IR verbs, take the infinitive and replace the 'er' or 'ir' with 'iendo'.
    • Entender → entendiendo.
    • Salir → saliendo.

Stems Ending in a Vowel

When the last letter of a verb stem is a vowel, the ER and IR gerund changes. Instead of 'iendo' it becomes 'yendo'. For example:

Changes to the Stem

When a verb has an irregular stem in the 'él/ella' form in the preterite, the gerund follows the same irregular pattern (e→i and o→u). For example:

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