1.4.2

Vitamins & Minerals

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Vitamins

Vitamins are very important for humans to eat as part of a balanced diet. People only need small amounts of vitamins to remain healthy.

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Vitamins

  • Vitamins are organic and are carbon-based.
  • Vitamins are needed for cell development and function.
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Important vitamins - A and B1

  • Vitamin A, is also called retinol.
    • Vitamin A is found in eggs, cheese, milk, and liver.
    • Vitamin A supports the immune system and vision health.
  • Vitamin B1 is also called thiamin.
    • Vitamin B1 is found in peas, fruit, nuts, and liver.
    • Vitamin B1 supports healthy nervous systems.
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Important vitamins - B2 and C

  • Vitamin B2 is also called riboflavin.
    • Vitamin B2 is found in milk, eggs, and mushrooms.
    • Vitamin B2 supports healthy nervous systems and eyes.
  • Vitamin C is also called ascorbic acid.
    • Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits, peppers, and broccoli.
    • Vitamin C protects cells and supports healthy skin and bone development.
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Important vitamins - D

  • Vitamin D is found in oily fish, red meat, and liver.
    • Vitamin D supports healthy bones and teeth.
    • Vitamin D is key for a healthy immune system.
    • Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets.
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Important vitamins - E and K

  • Vitamin E is found in plant oils, nuts, and seeds.
    • Vitamin E supports healthy skin and eyes.
    • Vitamin E boosts the body's natural protection against infection.
  • Vitamin K is found in broccoli, spinach, and vegetable oils.
    • Vitamin K is important in forming blood clots and maintaining bone health.

Minerals

Minerals are inorganic and not carbon-based. Humans need to consume a small amount of minerals to maintain a healthy diet.

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Minerals

  • Minerals are found naturally in the Earth.
    • Plants obtain minerals from the soil through their roots.
    • Animals obtain minerals when they eat plants.
  • It is unhealthy to consume more than the recommended dose of minerals.
    • Eating too many minerals may lead to sickness, stomach pain, and diarrhea.
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Calcium and iron

  • Calcium is found in dairy products.
    • Calcium is important for healthy bones and teeth, and for making blood clots.
    • Calcium deficiency causes rickets and osteomalacia.
  • Iron is found in red meat, liver, beans, and nuts.
    • Iron makes red blood cells.
    • Iron deficiency causes anaemia.
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Iodine and chromium

  • Iodine is found in eggs, milk, and fish.
    • Iodine makes thyroid hormones.
    • Iodine deficiency causes issues with thyroid glands.
  • Chromium is found in meat and nuts.
    • Chromium regulates insulin.
    • Chromium deficiency increases the risk of diabetes.
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Copper and Magnesium

  • Copper is found in nuts and shellfish.
    • Copper is important for red and white blood cells and for brain development.
    • Copper deficiency can lead to anaemia and osteoporosis.
  • Magnesium is found in spinach and nuts.
    • Magnesium is important for hormone development.
    • Magnesium deficiency can lead to low appetite and vomiting.

Jump to other topics

1Biology

1.1Cells, Tissues & Organs

1.2Reproduction & Variation

1.3Ecological Relationships & Classification

1.4Digestion & Nutrition

1.5Plants & Photosynthesis

1.6Biological Systems & Processes

2Chemistry

2.1Particles

2.2Chemical Reactions

2.3Atoms, Elements, Compounds

2.4The Periodic Table

2.5Materials & the Earth

2.6Reactivity

2.7Energetics

2.8Properties of Materials

3Physics

3.1Energy

3.2Forces & Motion

3.3Waves

3.4Electricity & Magnetism

3.5Matter

3.6Space Physics

4Thinking Scientifically

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