6.1.14

Ethnography

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Ethnography

Ethnography

Ethnography

Ethnography is the observation and/or interaction and description of participants in real-life settings.

Diagram

Ethnography is used when researchers want to gather data from real life and understand how and what their participants experience at a given moment, in a given situation.
Researchers can do this by using research methods such as surveys, interviews, and observations.

Advantages

Advantages

Ethnography collects qualitative data as most of the time, data is collected through observations and interviews. This makes it high in validity.
Ethnography provides in-depth data as the researcher doesn’t only collect data of the present, but looks at participants' backgrounds as well.

Disadvantages

Disadvantages

It is hard to analyse.
It is hard to get a representative sample.
It is hard to make generalisations from the data.
It can be found as unreliable as it is hard to replicate it.
It is time-consuming and possibly expensive.

Disadvantages cont.

Disadvantages cont.

There might be observer effect (the researchers might influence the behaviour of their participants because the latter know they are being monitored).
Ethical problems may arise, such as confidentiality or privacy.

1

The Sociological Approach

1.1

Introduction to Sociology

1.1.1What is Sociology?1.1.2Culture & Socialisation

1.2

Sociological Approaches

1.2.1Marxism 1.2.2Marxism 2 1.2.3Functionalism 1.2.4Feminism

1.3

The Consensus vs. Conflict Debate

1.3.1The Consensus vs. Conflict Debate 1.3.2End of Topic Test - The Sociological Approach

2

Families

2.1

Functions of Families

2.1.1Functionalist Views on Family 2.1.2Marxist Views on Family 2.1.3Feminist Views on Family

2.2

Family Forms

2.2.1What is a Family?2.2.2Nuclear Family 2.2.3Families in a Global Context 2.2.4The Rapoports & Family Diversity 2.2.5Causes of Family Diversity 2.2.6End of Topic Test - Family Forms

2.3

Conjugal Role Relationships

2.3.1Conjugal Roles

2.4

Changing Relationships Within Families

2.4.1Timeline 2.4.2Domestic Abuse 2.4.3Symmetrical Family

2.5

Criticisms of Families

2.5.1Functionalist Views of Families 2.5.2Marxist Views of Families 2.5.3Feminist Views of Families 2.5.4Declining Marriage Rate 2.5.5End of Topic Test - Criticisms of Families

2.6

Divorce

2.6.1Reasons For Rise in Divorce Rate 2.6.2Consequences of Divorce 2.6.3Functionalist Views 2.6.4Marxist Views 2.6.5Feminist Views 2.6.6End of Topic Test - Divorce

3

Education

3.1

Roles & Functions of Education

3.1.1The Functionalist Approach 3.1.2Evaluating Different Perspectives 3.1.3Types of School 3.1.4Alternative Education 3.1.5State & Private Schools

3.2

Processes Within Schools

3.2.1Internal Processes 3.2.2External Processes

3.3

Educational Achievement

3.3.1Measuring Educational Success 3.3.2Social Class & Education 3.3.3Social Class & External Factors 3.3.4Gender & Education 3.3.5Ethnicity & Education 3.3.6Parental Choice 3.3.7History of UK Education Policy 3.3.8Recent UK Education Policy 3.3.9End of Topic Test - Education

4

Crime & Deviance

4.1

The Social Construction of Crime

4.1.1Defining Crime & Deviance 4.1.2Sociological Explanations of Crime 4.1.3Interactionist Explanations of Crime 4.1.4Alternative Explanations of Crime

4.2

Social Control

4.2.1Informal Social Control 4.2.2Formal Social Control 4.2.3End of Topic Test - Social Construction of Crime

4.3

Criminal & Deviant Behaviour

4.3.1Explanations of Crime 4.3.2Social Class & Crime 4.3.3Gender & Crime 4.3.4Ethnicity & Crime 4.3.5Age & Crime 4.3.6Criminal Responsibility 4.3.7The Prison System 4.3.8Media Reporting of Crime 4.3.9Functionalist Explanations of Crime

4.4

Data on Crime

4.4.1Measuring Crime 4.4.2End of Topic Test - Criminal & Deviant Behaviour

5

Social Stratification

5.1

Social Stratification

5.1.1What is Social Stratification?5.1.2Functionalism 5.1.3Socio-Economic Class 5.1.4Socio-Economic Class 2 5.1.5Life Chances 5.1.6The Affluent Worker 5.1.7End of Topic Test - Social Stratifictaion

5.2

Poverty as a Social Issue

5.2.1Defining Poverty 5.2.2Factors Affecting Poverty 5.2.3Explanations of Poverty 5.2.4Impact of Globalisation 5.2.5End of Topic Test - Poverty as a Social Issue

5.3

Power & Authority

5.3.1Weber 5.3.2Sociological Perspectives 5.3.3Power Relationships 5.3.4End of Topic Test - Power & Authority

6

Sociological Research Methods

6.1

Research Methods

6.1.1Research Design 6.1.2The Scientific Method 6.1.3Other Considerations 6.1.4Primary Sources 6.1.5Secondary Sources 6.1.6Surveys 6.1.7Sampling 6.1.8Questionnaires 6.1.9Interviews 6.1.10Observation 6.1.11Statistics 6.1.12Case Studies 6.1.13Longitudinal Studies 6.1.14Ethnography 6.1.15Experiments 6.1.16Small Scale Research 6.1.17End of Topic Test - Research Methods

Jump to other topics

1

The Sociological Approach

1.1

Introduction to Sociology

1.1.1What is Sociology?1.1.2Culture & Socialisation

1.2

Sociological Approaches

1.2.1Marxism 1.2.2Marxism 2 1.2.3Functionalism 1.2.4Feminism

1.3

The Consensus vs. Conflict Debate

1.3.1The Consensus vs. Conflict Debate 1.3.2End of Topic Test - The Sociological Approach

2

Families

2.1

Functions of Families

2.1.1Functionalist Views on Family 2.1.2Marxist Views on Family 2.1.3Feminist Views on Family

2.2

Family Forms

2.2.1What is a Family?2.2.2Nuclear Family 2.2.3Families in a Global Context 2.2.4The Rapoports & Family Diversity 2.2.5Causes of Family Diversity 2.2.6End of Topic Test - Family Forms

2.3

Conjugal Role Relationships

2.3.1Conjugal Roles

2.4

Changing Relationships Within Families

2.4.1Timeline 2.4.2Domestic Abuse 2.4.3Symmetrical Family

2.5

Criticisms of Families

2.5.1Functionalist Views of Families 2.5.2Marxist Views of Families 2.5.3Feminist Views of Families 2.5.4Declining Marriage Rate 2.5.5End of Topic Test - Criticisms of Families

2.6

Divorce

2.6.1Reasons For Rise in Divorce Rate 2.6.2Consequences of Divorce 2.6.3Functionalist Views 2.6.4Marxist Views 2.6.5Feminist Views 2.6.6End of Topic Test - Divorce

3

Education

3.1

Roles & Functions of Education

3.1.1The Functionalist Approach 3.1.2Evaluating Different Perspectives 3.1.3Types of School 3.1.4Alternative Education 3.1.5State & Private Schools

3.2

Processes Within Schools

3.2.1Internal Processes 3.2.2External Processes

3.3

Educational Achievement

3.3.1Measuring Educational Success 3.3.2Social Class & Education 3.3.3Social Class & External Factors 3.3.4Gender & Education 3.3.5Ethnicity & Education 3.3.6Parental Choice 3.3.7History of UK Education Policy 3.3.8Recent UK Education Policy 3.3.9End of Topic Test - Education

4

Crime & Deviance

4.1

The Social Construction of Crime

4.1.1Defining Crime & Deviance 4.1.2Sociological Explanations of Crime 4.1.3Interactionist Explanations of Crime 4.1.4Alternative Explanations of Crime

4.2

Social Control

4.2.1Informal Social Control 4.2.2Formal Social Control 4.2.3End of Topic Test - Social Construction of Crime

4.3

Criminal & Deviant Behaviour

4.3.1Explanations of Crime 4.3.2Social Class & Crime 4.3.3Gender & Crime 4.3.4Ethnicity & Crime 4.3.5Age & Crime 4.3.6Criminal Responsibility 4.3.7The Prison System 4.3.8Media Reporting of Crime 4.3.9Functionalist Explanations of Crime

4.4

Data on Crime

4.4.1Measuring Crime 4.4.2End of Topic Test - Criminal & Deviant Behaviour

5

Social Stratification

5.1

Social Stratification

5.1.1What is Social Stratification?5.1.2Functionalism 5.1.3Socio-Economic Class 5.1.4Socio-Economic Class 2 5.1.5Life Chances 5.1.6The Affluent Worker 5.1.7End of Topic Test - Social Stratifictaion

5.2

Poverty as a Social Issue

5.2.1Defining Poverty 5.2.2Factors Affecting Poverty 5.2.3Explanations of Poverty 5.2.4Impact of Globalisation 5.2.5End of Topic Test - Poverty as a Social Issue

5.3

Power & Authority

5.3.1Weber 5.3.2Sociological Perspectives 5.3.3Power Relationships 5.3.4End of Topic Test - Power & Authority

6

Sociological Research Methods

6.1

Research Methods

6.1.1Research Design 6.1.2The Scientific Method 6.1.3Other Considerations 6.1.4Primary Sources 6.1.5Secondary Sources 6.1.6Surveys 6.1.7Sampling 6.1.8Questionnaires 6.1.9Interviews 6.1.10Observation 6.1.11Statistics 6.1.12Case Studies 6.1.13Longitudinal Studies 6.1.14Ethnography 6.1.15Experiments 6.1.16Small Scale Research 6.1.17End of Topic Test - Research Methods

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1
What are some of the pros and cons of ethnography?True / false

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Longitudinal Studies

Experiments