4.1.4

Structure, Key Quotes & Comparisons

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Form, Structure and Rhythm of Exposure

The narrative style of Exposure emphasises collective suffering in war. The rhythm reflects the boredom of the soldiers.

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First person narrative

  • The poem is written in the first person. It has many collective, possessive pronouns, such as “we”, “us”, “our”.
  • This hints at the collective (group) suffering of the soldiers in WW1. It also encourages the reader to share in their pain.
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Rhythm

  • The poem is made up of five-line stanzas.
    • The form mirrors the repetitive and never-ending nature of war.
    • It also mirrors the ongoing boredom and misery of the soldiers.
  • The ABBAC rhyme scheme is repeated, which reflects the monotony (sameness) of war.
    • But the last line of each stanza creates an unsettling feel. This is possibly to mirror how destabilised and on edge, the soldiers feel waiting for the enemy to attack.

Key Quotations in Exposure

Here are key quotations to remember for your exam:

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“…But nothing happens”

  • Repetition of “but nothing happens” throughout the poem gives the readers a sense of the boredom caused by waiting.
  • It also hints at the pointlessness of war.
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“Our brains ache in the merciless iced east winds that knive us”

  • Personification and sibilance.
  • The weather is personified to make it sound menacing and deadly. This also characterises the weather as the real enemy of the soldiers.
  • The sibilance here highlights the intensity of the pain and the brutality of the weather.
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“Dawn massing in the east her melancholy army..."

  • “Dawn massing in the east her melancholy army / Attacks once more in ranks on shivering ranks of grey.”
  • Personification.
    • Dawn, usually associated with ideas of light and hope is here hostile and brings even more suffering.
  • Colour imagery.
  • The colour imagery “grey” conveys ideas of despair and boredom.
  • Military vocabulary.
  • “Ranks” is a military term and is repeated, reminding the reader that the weather is the soldiers’ enemy.
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“Less deadly than the air that shudders black with snow”

  • Nature is presented as more damaging and deadly than the bullets.
  • The contrasting images of “black” and “snow” are unsettling. They highlight the horror of being exposed to the elements.
  • They also highlight how close to death the soldiers are.
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“Slowly, our ghosts drag home”

  • Metaphor.
  • This metaphor suggests that war has sucked all the life out of the soldiers and further reminds readers that they are on the brink of death.
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“All their eyes are ice”

  • Metaphor.
  • This metaphor describes the extreme effects of the weather that have overcome the soldiers.
  • It also implies that the soldiers have lost their humanity and could suggest they are close to breaking point.

Key Comparisons: Exposure

Here are some themes that come up in Exposure and other texts:

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Effects/reality of conflict

  • You may want to compare the theme of the effects and/or reality of conflict in Exposure to the following texts:
    • War Photographer.
    • Poppies.
    • Kamikaze.
    • Bayonet Charge.
    • Remains.
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Power of nature vs power of man

  • You may want to compare the theme of the power of nature vs power of man in Exposure to the following texts:
    • Storm on the Island.
    • The Prelude.
    • Tissue.

Jump to other topics

1Ozymandias - Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)

2London - William Blake (1757-1827)

3Storm on the Island - Seamus Heaney (1939-2013)

4Exposure - Wilfred Owen (1893-1918)

5War Photographer - Carol Ann Duffy (born 1955)

6My Last Duchess - Robert Browning (1812-1889)

7The Prelude - William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

8Charge of the Light Brigade - Alfred Tennyson

9Bayonet Charge - Ted Hughes (1930-1998)

10Poppies - Jane Weir (Born 1963)

11Tissue - Imtiaz Dharker (Born 1954)

12The Emigree - Carol Rumens (Born 1944)

13Kamikaze - Beatrice Garland (Born 1938)

14Checking Out Me History - John Agard (Born 1949)

15Remains - Simon Armitage (Born 1963)

16Grade 9 - Themes & Comparisons

16.1Grade 9 - Themes & Comparisons

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