Feedback
Physical Education: AQA GCSE, topic 6.2.4
Positive and Negative Feedback
Positive and negative feedback are both provided by other people (extrinsic). Positive feedback tells the performer what went well with the performance. Negative feedback, on the other hand, tells the performer what did not go well with their performance.
Positive feedback
- This is an important process in telling the performer what they need to continue to do for future performances.
- Positive feedback is excellent for motivating a performer. It is particularly important for beginners because it helps to build their confidence when they are trying a new skill.
Negative feedback
- Negative feedback is an important process for identifying faults for a performer so that they can correct them for future performances.
- Negative feedback is mainly used with elite performers so that they can make small corrections to their technique.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Feedback
Feedback can be split into extrinsic feedback and intrinsic feedback.
Extrinsic feedback
- Extrinsic feedback often comes from a coach or teacher (it comes from the outside).
- Extrinsic feedback could also come from a team-mate or, from a result they get in competition.
- Extrinsic feedback is important for beginners because they do not have the experience to recognise faults (or positives) with their own performance.
Intrinsic feedback
- Intrinsic feedback comes from within a performer themselves,
- Performers can use their senses to tell themselves (e.g. the feel of the shot off the bat in cricket or looking to see where a golf shot lands).
- The process of ‘feeling’ performance through the muscles is known as kinesthesis.
- Elite performers commonly use this. They know how a technique or skill should feel when doing it well.
Knowledge
Knowledge can be split into knowledge of results (KR) and knowledge of performance (KP).
Knowledge of results
- This focuses on how successful a performer is in achieving their desired outcome (goal).
- This type of feedback is mostly factual. It tells the performer about a result. This is usually external (e.g. from a coach) but can also be internal:
- Seeing the distance achieved in a long jump (internal).
- Golf score.
- Whether your shot in hockey went in or not.
Knowledge of performance
- This focuses on the quality of the performance rather than the outcome.
- This type of feedback relates to whether the technique was correct or not. The goal is not important here. Examples include:
- Executing (carrying out) an excellent golf swing on a drive.
- Good elbow extension (lengthening) in a free throw in basketball.
Test yourself on Feedback
Positive and negative feedback are...
Positive feedback
What is the process of 'feeling' performance through the muscles known as?
What are the 2 categories of knowledge?
Which of the following is not a category of knowledge?