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  1. Revision notes
  2. A Level
  3. Biology
  4. AQA
  5. Diagnostic Misconceptions - Calculate Uncertainty

Diagnostic Misconceptions - Calculate Uncertainty

Biology: AQA A Level, topic 9.1.4

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Previous topic9.1.3 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Interpret Hypothesis

Biology: AQA A Level contents

  1. 1 Biological Molecules

    • 1.1 Monomers & Polymers

      • 1.1.1 Monomers & Polymers
      • 1.1.2 Condensation & Hydrolysis Reactions
    • 1.2 Carbohydrates

      • 1.2.1 Structure of Carbohydrates
      • 1.2.2 Types of Polysaccharides
      • 1.2.3 End of Topic Test - Monomers, Polymers and Carbs
      • 1.2.4 Exam-Style Question - Carbohydrates
      • 1.2.5 A-A* (AO3/4) - Carbohydrates
    • 1.3 Lipids

      • 1.3.1 Triglycerides & Phospholipids
      • 1.3.2 Types of Fatty Acids
      • 1.3.3 Testing for Lipids
      • 1.3.4 Exam-Style Question - Fats
      • 1.3.5 A-A* (AO3/4) - Lipids
    • 1.4 Proteins

      • 1.4.1 The Peptide Chain
      • 1.4.2 Investigating Proteins
      • 1.4.3 Primary & Secondary Protein Structure
      • 1.4.4 Tertiary & Quaternary Protein Structure
      • 1.4.5 Enzymes
      • 1.4.6 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
      • 1.4.7 Enzyme-Controlled Reactions
      • 1.4.8 End of Topic Test - Lipids & Proteins
      • 1.4.9 A-A* (AO3/4) - Enzymes
      • 1.4.10 A-A* (AO3/4) - Proteins
      • 1.4.11 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Enzyme Inhibitors
    • 1.5 Nucleic Acids

      • 1.5.1 DNA & RNA
      • 1.5.2 Nucleotides
      • 1.5.3 Polynucleotides
      • 1.5.4 DNA Replication
      • 1.5.5 Exam-Style Question - Nucleic Acids
      • 1.5.6 A-A* (AO3/4) - Nucleic Acids
    • 1.6 ATP

      • 1.6.1 Structure of ATP
      • 1.6.2 Hydrolysis of ATP
      • 1.6.3 Resynthesis of ATP
      • 1.6.4 End of Topic Test - Nucleic Acids & ATP
    • 1.7 Water

      • 1.7.1 Importance of Water
      • 1.7.2 Structure of Water
      • 1.7.3 Properties of Water
      • 1.7.4 A-A* (AO3/4) - Water
    • 1.8 Inorganic Ions

      • 1.8.1 Inorganic Ions
      • 1.8.2 End of Topic Test - Water & Inorganic Ions
  2. 2 Cells

    • 2.1 Cell Structure

      • 2.1.1 Introduction to Cells
      • 2.1.2 Eukaryotic Cells & Organelles
      • 2.1.3 Eukaryotic Cells & Organelles 2
      • 2.1.4 Prokaryotes
      • 2.1.5 A-A* (AO3/4) - Organelles
      • 2.1.6 Methods of Studying Cells
      • 2.1.7 Microscopes
      • 2.1.8 End of Topic Test - Cell Structure
      • 2.1.9 Exam-Style Question - Cells
      • 2.1.10 A-A* (AO3/4) - Cells
    • 2.2 Mitosis & Cancer

      • 2.2.1 Mitosis
      • 2.2.2 Stages of Mitosis
      • 2.2.3 Investigating Mitosis
      • 2.2.4 Cancer
      • 2.2.5 A-A* (AO3/4) - The Cell Cycle
    • 2.3 Transport Across Cell Membrane

      • 2.3.1 Cell Membrane Structure
      • 2.3.2 A-A* (AO3/4) - Membrane Structure
      • 2.3.3 Diffusion
      • 2.3.4 Osmosis
      • 2.3.5 Active Transport
      • 2.3.6 End of Topic Test - Mitosis, Cancer & Transport
      • 2.3.7 Exam-Style Question - Membranes
      • 2.3.8 A-A* (AO3/4) - Membranes & Transport
      • 2.3.9 A-A*- Mitosis, Cancer & Transport
    • 2.4 Cell Recognition & the Immune System

      • 2.4.1 Immune System
      • 2.4.2 Phagocytosis
      • 2.4.3 T Lymphocytes
      • 2.4.4 B Lymphocytes
      • 2.4.5 Antibodies
      • 2.4.6 Primary & Secondary Response
      • 2.4.7 Vaccines
      • 2.4.8 HIV
      • 2.4.9 Ethical Issues
      • 2.4.10 End of Topic Test - Immune System
      • 2.4.11 Exam-Style Question - Immune System
      • 2.4.12 A-A* (AO3/4) - Immune System
      • 2.4.13 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Humoral vs Cellular
  3. 3 Substance Exchange

    • 3.1 Surface Area to Volume Ratio

      • 3.1.1 Size & Surface Area
      • 3.1.2 A-A* (AO3/4) - Cell Size
    • 3.2 Gas Exchange

      • 3.2.1 Single-Celled Organisms
      • 3.2.2 Multicellular Organisms
      • 3.2.3 Control of Water Loss
      • 3.2.4 Human Gas Exchange
      • 3.2.5 Ventilation
      • 3.2.6 Dissection
      • 3.2.7 Measuring Gas Exchange
      • 3.2.8 Lung Disease
      • 3.2.9 Lung Disease Data
      • 3.2.10 End of Topic Test - Gas Exchange
      • 3.2.11 A-A* (AO3/4) - Gas Exchange
    • 3.3 Digestion & Absorption

      • 3.3.1 Overview of Digestion
      • 3.3.2 Digestion in Mammals
      • 3.3.3 Absorption
      • 3.3.4 End of Topic Test - Substance Exchange & Digestion
      • 3.3.5 A-A* (AO3/4) - Substance Ex & Digestion
    • 3.4 Mass Transport

      • 3.4.1 Haemoglobin
      • 3.4.2 Oxygen Transport
      • 3.4.3 The Circulatory System
      • 3.4.4 The Heart
      • 3.4.5 Blood Vessels
      • 3.4.6 Cardiovascular Disease
      • 3.4.7 Heart Dissection
      • 3.4.8 Xylem
      • 3.4.9 Phloem
      • 3.4.10 Investigating Plant Transport
      • 3.4.11 End of Topic Test - Mass Transport
      • 3.4.12 A-A* (AO3/4) - Mass Transport
      • 3.4.13 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Concentration Gradient
      • 3.4.14 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Cardiac Cycle
      • 3.4.15 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Carrying Capacity
      • 3.4.16 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Translocation
  4. 4 Genetic Information & Variation

    • 4.1 DNA, Genes & Chromosomes

      • 4.1.1 DNA
      • 4.1.2 Genes
      • 4.1.3 Non-Coding Genes
      • 4.1.4 The Genetic Code
      • 4.1.5 A-A* (AO3/4) - DNA
    • 4.2 DNA & Protein Synthesis

      • 4.2.1 Protein Synthesis
      • 4.2.2 Transcription & Translation
      • 4.2.3 End of Topic Test - DNA, Genes & Protein Synthesis
      • 4.2.4 Exam-Style Question - Protein Synthesis
      • 4.2.5 A-A* (AO3/4) - Coronavirus Translation
      • 4.2.6 A-A* (AO3/4) - Transcription
      • 4.2.7 A-A* (AO3/4) - Translation
    • 4.3 Mutations & Meiosis

      • 4.3.1 Mutations
      • 4.3.2 Meiosis
      • 4.3.3 A-A* (AO3/4) - Meiosis
      • 4.3.4 Meiosis vs Mitosis
      • 4.3.5 End of Topic Test - Mutations, Meiosis
      • 4.3.6 A-A* (AO3/4) - DNA,Genes, CellDiv & ProtSynth
      • 4.3.7 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Meiosis vs Mitosis
    • 4.4 Genetic Diversity & Adaptation

      • 4.4.1 Genetic Diversity
      • 4.4.2 Natural Selection
      • 4.4.3 A-A* (AO3/4) - Natural Selection
      • 4.4.4 Adaptations
      • 4.4.5 Investigating Natural Selection
      • 4.4.6 End of Topic Test - Genetic Diversity & Adaptation
      • 4.4.7 A-A* (AO3/4) - Genetic Diversity & Adaptation
    • 4.5 Species & Taxonomy

      • 4.5.1 Courtship Behaviour
      • 4.5.2 Phylogeny
      • 4.5.3 Classification
      • 4.5.4 DNA Technology
      • 4.5.5 A-A* (AO3/4) - Species & Taxonomy
    • 4.6 Biodiversity Within a Community

      • 4.6.1 Biodiversity
      • 4.6.2 Index of diversity
      • 4.6.3 Agriculture
      • 4.6.4 End of Topic Test - Species,Taxonomy& Biodiversity
      • 4.6.5 A-A* (AO3/4) - Species,Taxon&Biodiversity
    • 4.7 Investigating Diversity

      • 4.7.1 Genetic Diversity
      • 4.7.2 Quantitative Investigation
  5. 5 Energy Transfers (A2 only)

    • 5.1 Photosynthesis

      • 5.1.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
      • 5.1.2 Photoionisation of Chlorophyll
      • 5.1.3 Production of ATP & Reduced NADP
      • 5.1.4 Cyclic Photophosphorylation
      • 5.1.5 Light-Independent Reaction
      • 5.1.6 A-A* (AO3/4) - Photosynthesis Reactions
      • 5.1.7 Limiting Factors
      • 5.1.8 Photosynthesis Experiments
      • 5.1.9 End of Topic Test - Photosynthesis
      • 5.1.10 A-A* (AO3/4) - Photosynthesis
    • 5.2 Respiration

      • 5.2.1 Overview of Respiration
      • 5.2.2 Anaerobic Respiration
      • 5.2.3 A-A* (AO3/4) - Anaerobic Respiration
      • 5.2.4 The Link Reaction
      • 5.2.5 The Krebs Cycle
      • 5.2.6 Oxidative Phosphorylation
      • 5.2.7 Respiration Experiments
      • 5.2.8 End of Topic Test - Respiration
      • 5.2.9 A-A* (AO3/4) - Respiration
      • 5.2.10 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Aerobic vs Anaerobic
    • 5.3 Energy & Ecosystems

      • 5.3.1 Biomass
      • 5.3.2 Production & Productivity
      • 5.3.3 Agricultural Practices
    • 5.4 Nutrient Cycles

      • 5.4.1 Nitrogen Cycle
      • 5.4.2 Phosphorous Cycle
      • 5.4.3 Fertilisers & Eutrophication
      • 5.4.4 End of Topic Test - Nutrient Cycles
      • 5.4.5 A-A* (AO3/4) - Energy,Ecosystems&NutrientCycles
  6. 6 Responding to Change (A2 only)

    • 6.1 Nervous Communication

      • 6.1.1 Survival
      • 6.1.2 Plant Responses
      • 6.1.3 Animal Responses
      • 6.1.4 Reflexes
      • 6.1.5 End of Topic Test - Reflexes, Responses & Survival
      • 6.1.6 Receptors
      • 6.1.7 The Human Retina
      • 6.1.8 Control of Heart Rate
      • 6.1.9 End of Topic Test - Receptors, Retina & Heart Rate
    • 6.2 Nervous Coordination

      • 6.2.1 Neurones
      • 6.2.2 Action Potentials
      • 6.2.3 Speed of Transmission
      • 6.2.4 End of Topic Test - Neurones & Action Potentials
      • 6.2.5 Synapses
      • 6.2.6 Types of Synapse
      • 6.2.7 Medical Application
      • 6.2.8 End of Topic Test - Synapses
      • 6.2.9 A-A* (AO3/4) - Nervous Comm&Coord
    • 6.3 Muscle Contraction

      • 6.3.1 Skeletal Muscle
      • 6.3.2 Sliding Filament Theory
      • 6.3.3 Contraction
      • 6.3.4 Slow & Fast Twitch Fibres
      • 6.3.5 End of Topic Test - Muscles
      • 6.3.6 A-A* (AO3/4) - Muscle Contraction
    • 6.4 Homeostasis

      • 6.4.1 Overview of Homeostasis
      • 6.4.2 Blood Glucose Concentration
      • 6.4.3 Controlling Blood Glucose Concentration
      • 6.4.4 End of Topic Test - Blood Glucose
      • 6.4.5 Primary & Secondary Messengers
      • 6.4.6 Diabetes Mellitus
      • 6.4.7 Measuring Glucose Concentration
      • 6.4.8 Osmoregulation
      • 6.4.9 Controlling Blood Water Potential
      • 6.4.10 ADH
      • 6.4.11 End of Topic Test - Diabetes & Osmoregulation
      • 6.4.12 A-A* (AO3/4) - Homeostasis
      • 6.4.13 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Effect of ADH
  7. 7 Genetics & Ecosystems (A2 only)

    • 7.1 Genetics

      • 7.1.1 Key Terms in Genetics
      • 7.1.2 Inheritance
      • 7.1.3 Linkage
      • 7.1.4 Multiple Alleles & Epistasis
      • 7.1.5 Chi-Squared Test
      • 7.1.6 End of Topic Test - Genetics
      • 7.1.7 A-A* (AO3/4) - Genetics
      • 7.1.8 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Dihybrid Inheritance
      • 7.1.9 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Sex Linkage
    • 7.2 Populations

      • 7.2.1 Populations
      • 7.2.2 Hardy-Weinberg Principle
    • 7.3 Evolution

      • 7.3.1 Variation
      • 7.3.2 Natural Selection & Evolution
      • 7.3.3 End of Topic Test - Populations & Evolution
      • 7.3.4 Types of Selection
      • 7.3.5 Types of Selection Summary
      • 7.3.6 Overview of Speciation
      • 7.3.7 Causes of Speciation
      • 7.3.8 Diversity
      • 7.3.9 End of Topic Test - Selection & Speciation
      • 7.3.10 A-A* (AO3/4) - Populations & Evolution
      • 7.3.11 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Types of Speciation
    • 7.4 Populations in Ecosystems

      • 7.4.1 Overview of Ecosystems
      • 7.4.2 Niche
      • 7.4.3 Population Size
      • 7.4.4 Investigating Population Size
      • 7.4.5 End of Topic Test - Ecosystems & Population Size
      • 7.4.6 Succession
      • 7.4.7 Conservation
      • 7.4.8 End of Topic Test - Succession & Conservation
      • 7.4.9 A-A* (AO3/4) - Ecosystems
  8. 8 The Control of Gene Expression (A2 only)

    • 8.1 Mutation

      • 8.1.1 Mutations
      • 8.1.2 Effects of Mutations
      • 8.1.3 Causes of Mutations
      • 8.1.4 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Gene Expression
    • 8.2 Gene Expression

      • 8.2.1 Stem Cells
      • 8.2.2 Stem Cells in Disease
      • 8.2.3 End of Topic Test - Mutation & Gene Epression
      • 8.2.4 A-A* (AO3/4) - Mutation & Stem Cells
      • 8.2.5 Regulating Transcription
      • 8.2.6 Epigenetics
      • 8.2.7 Epigenetics & Disease
      • 8.2.8 Regulating Translation
      • 8.2.9 Experimental Data
      • 8.2.10 End of Topic Test - Transcription & Translation
      • 8.2.11 Tumours
      • 8.2.12 Correlations & Causes
      • 8.2.13 Prevention & Treatment
      • 8.2.14 End of Topic Test - Cancer
      • 8.2.15 A-A* (AO3/4) - Gene Expression & Cancer
    • 8.3 Genome Projects

      • 8.3.1 Using Genome Projects
    • 8.4 Gene Technology

      • 8.4.1 Recombinant DNA
      • 8.4.2 Producing Fragments
      • 8.4.3 Amplification
      • 8.4.4 End of Topic Test - Genome Project & Amplification
      • 8.4.5 Using Recombinant DNA
      • 8.4.6 Medical Diagnosis
      • 8.4.7 Genetic Fingerprinting
      • 8.4.8 End of Topic Test - Gene Technologies
      • 8.4.9 A-A* (AO3/4) - Gene Technology
  9. 9 Mathematical Skills

    • 9.1 Mathematical Skills

      • 9.1.1 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting Units
      • 9.1.2 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Correct Hypothesis
      • 9.1.3 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Interpret Hypothesis
      • 9.1.4 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Calculate Uncertainty

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