1.3.8

Metallic Bonding

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Metals and Metallic Bonding

Metals bond in a different way to non-metals

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Sea of free electrons

  • In a metal, the valence electrons delocalise and can move about the entire material.
  • This is referred to as a 'sea of free electrons'.
  • Metallic bonding is viewed as a sea of free electrons surrounding positive ion cores.
  • The positive ion cores are attracted to the free electrons.
    • You can think of the free electrons as a glue, holding the positive ion cores together.
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Electrical conductivity

  • Metals are good electrical conductors because the free electrons can move and carry current.
    • A general term for moving particles which carry current is 'charge carriers'.
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Melting point

  • The melting point of a metal is related to its group - a group 2 metal will donate two electrons to the sea of free electrons.
    • This means that the positive ion cores carry a 2+ charge.
    • The 2+ ion has a stronger attraction to the free electrons.
    • This means the melting point is higher.
    • For example, Na melts at 98oC, but Mg melts at 650oC!

Jump to other topics

1Physical Chemistry

1.1Atoms, Molecules & Stoichiometry

1.2Atomic Structure

1.3Chemical Bonding

1.4States of Matter

1.5Chemical Energetics

1.6Electrochemistry

1.7Equilibria

1.8Partition Coefficient

1.9Reaction Kinetics

2Inorganic Chemistry

3Organic Chemistry & Analysis

3.1Introduction to Organic Chemistry

3.2Hydrocarbons

3.3Halogen Derivatives

3.4Hydroxy Compounds

3.5Carbonyl Compounds

3.6Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives

3.7Nitrogen Compounds

3.8Polymerisation

3.9Analytical Techniques

3.10Organic Synthesis

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