6.2.2
The Revenge Tragedy
The Revenge Tragedy Tradition
The Revenge Tragedy Tradition
It is useful to approach Hamlet as an example of revenge tragedy. From the 1580s (when Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy was a huge success) to the 1620s, revenge tragedies were very popular with English theatre audiences.
Hamlet as a revenge tragedy
Hamlet as a revenge tragedy
- Hamlet has many features of a typical revenge tragedy:
- They are often set in what were seen as corrupt societies led by deceitful rulers. As such, playwrights would often give set the stories in foreign settings to avoid suggesting that the rulers of England were corrupt – such a charge could lead to a writer being jailed.
- The revenge hero is usually a member of the nobility (e.g. a prince) who, in his pursuit of revenge, must use his cunning to deceive those around him and conceal his plans.
Black comedy & entertainment
Black comedy & entertainment
- Revenge tragedies also contain moments of black comedy.
- They often contain an entertainment (e.g. a play or some other kind of performance) within the play, usually towards the end of the drama.
- Hamlet’s inner play, ‘The Mousetrap’, is therefore typical of the genre.
Narrative & crime
Narrative & crime
- The narrative of revenge tragedies is driven by a medieval honour code which allows acts of vengeance as a form of punishment.
- However, the crime at the heart of a revenge tragedy instigates a cycle of violence which will eventually lead to the destruction of all the principal characters.
- Hamlet conforms to the genre conventions with the bodies of King, Queen, Prince and Laertes strewn on stage at the end of the play.
Christian codes & State systems
Christian codes & State systems
- Because all the principal characters suffer at the end of revenge tragedy narratives, people have suggested that revenge tragedies support a Christian moral code and State legal systems which prohibit anyone taking justice into their own hands.
Conflict in revenge tragedies
Conflict in revenge tragedies
- There is a tension or conflict within every revenge tragedy. Its heroes are often driven to take the law into their own hands because a corrupt society will deny them any form of legal justice but their revenge mission will eventually destroy them.
Bushnell: society in transition
Bushnell: society in transition
- Rebecca Bushnell argues that the fashion for revenge tragedy in Elizabethan and Jacobean England "is a symptom of a society in transition, where traditional forms of authority and the nature of law were being questioned".
- Revenge tragedies question the extent to which individuals can challenge authority, whether the Monarch, Church or Law and, as such, reflect the changes happening in society.
1Introduction
2Plot Summary
2.1Act 1: Key Events & Ideas
2.2Act 2: Key Events & Ideas
2.3Act 3: Key Events & Ideas
2.4Act 4: Key Events & Ideas
2.5Act 5: Key Events & Ideas
3Character Profiles
3.1Hamlet
3.3Gertrude
3.4Ophelia
4Key Themes
4.1Regicide in Hamlet
4.2Madness in Hamlet
4.3Guilt & Punishment in Hamlet
4.4Settings in Hamlet
5Writing Techniques
6Context
6.1Social & Historical Context
6.2Literary Context
6.3Performance & Textual History
7Critical Debates
7.118-19th Century Responses to Hamlet
7.220th Century Responses to Hamlet
7.3Feminist Readings of Hamlet
7.4Marxist/Political Readings of Hamlet
Jump to other topics
1Introduction
2Plot Summary
2.1Act 1: Key Events & Ideas
2.2Act 2: Key Events & Ideas
2.3Act 3: Key Events & Ideas
2.4Act 4: Key Events & Ideas
2.5Act 5: Key Events & Ideas
3Character Profiles
3.1Hamlet
3.3Gertrude
3.4Ophelia
4Key Themes
4.1Regicide in Hamlet
4.2Madness in Hamlet
4.3Guilt & Punishment in Hamlet
4.4Settings in Hamlet
5Writing Techniques
6Context
6.1Social & Historical Context
6.2Literary Context
6.3Performance & Textual History
7Critical Debates
7.118-19th Century Responses to Hamlet
7.220th Century Responses to Hamlet
7.3Feminist Readings of Hamlet
7.4Marxist/Political Readings of Hamlet
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