6.2.2

The Revenge Tragedy

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The Revenge Tragedy Tradition

It is useful to approach Hamlet as an example of revenge tragedy. From the 1580s (when Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy was a huge success) to the 1620s, revenge tragedies were very popular with English theatre audiences.

Illustrative background for *Hamlet* as a revenge tragedyIllustrative background for *Hamlet* as a revenge tragedy ?? "content

Hamlet as a revenge tragedy

  • Hamlet has many features of a typical revenge tragedy:
    • They are often set in what were seen as corrupt societies led by deceitful rulers. As such, playwrights would often give set the stories in foreign settings to avoid suggesting that the rulers of England were corrupt – such a charge could lead to a writer being jailed.
    • The revenge hero is usually a member of the nobility (e.g. a prince) who, in his pursuit of revenge, must use his cunning to deceive those around him and conceal his plans.
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Black comedy & entertainment

  • Revenge tragedies also contain moments of black comedy.
  • They often contain an entertainment (e.g. a play or some other kind of performance) within the play, usually towards the end of the drama.
  • Hamlet’s inner play, ‘The Mousetrap’, is therefore typical of the genre.
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Narrative & crime

  • The narrative of revenge tragedies is driven by a medieval honour code which allows acts of vengeance as a form of punishment.
  • However, the crime at the heart of a revenge tragedy instigates a cycle of violence which will eventually lead to the destruction of all the principal characters.
  • Hamlet conforms to the genre conventions with the bodies of King, Queen, Prince and Laertes strewn on stage at the end of the play.
Illustrative background for Christian codes & State systemsIllustrative background for Christian codes & State systems ?? "content

Christian codes & State systems

  • Because all the principal characters suffer at the end of revenge tragedy narratives, people have suggested that revenge tragedies support a Christian moral code and State legal systems which prohibit anyone taking justice into their own hands.
Illustrative background for Conflict in revenge tragediesIllustrative background for Conflict in revenge tragedies ?? "content

Conflict in revenge tragedies

  • There is a tension or conflict within every revenge tragedy. Its heroes are often driven to take the law into their own hands because a corrupt society will deny them any form of legal justice but their revenge mission will eventually destroy them.
Illustrative background for Bushnell: society in transitionIllustrative background for Bushnell: society in transition ?? "content

Bushnell: society in transition

  • Rebecca Bushnell argues that the fashion for revenge tragedy in Elizabethan and Jacobean England "is a symptom of a society in transition, where traditional forms of authority and the nature of law were being questioned".
  • Revenge tragedies question the extent to which individuals can challenge authority, whether the Monarch, Church or Law and, as such, reflect the changes happening in society.

Jump to other topics

1Introduction

2Plot Summary

3Character Profiles

4Key Themes

5Writing Techniques

6Context

7Critical Debates

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