4.4.3

Pan-Africanism in Nationalism

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Pan-Africanism in Nationalism

Pan-Africanism is a political ideology that sees the interests of all African nations as being intimately related. Pan-Africanism promotes the idea of all indigenous African groups working together to advance their cause.

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The Pan-African Federation

  • In Britain, in 1944, the Pan-African Federation was founded in Manchester. Their 1945 Congress brought together Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta.
  • This group worked together to bring African people independence and self-determination. The group included Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana) Julius Nyerere (Tanganyika) and Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya).
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Socialist principles

  • Pan-Africanism was rooted in socialist principles.
  • Nkrumah was likely overthrown for his association with communism during the Cold War.
  • Nkrumah supported an Africa-wide alliance between the different nations being granted independence in the 1950s and 1960s.
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Historical perspectives

  • Historian T. Mkandawire (2016) argues that Nkrumah had a “quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent."
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The Organisation of African Unity

  • The Organisation of African Unity was established in 1963, aiming to maintain the independence and rights of African countries.
  • Ironically, Nkrumah, one of the inspirations behind the movement was removed as the leader of Ghana in 1966.

Jump to other topics

1High Water Mark of the British Empire, 1857-1914

2Imperial Consolidation & Liberal Rule, 1890-1914

3Imperialism Challenged, 1914-1967

4The Wind of Change, 1947-1967

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