1.3.2

Infrastructure of Trade & Commerce

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Infrastructure of Trade

The British Empire transported goods through shipping, railroads and canals.

Illustrative background for Shipping in the British EmpireIllustrative background for Shipping in the British Empire ?? "content

Shipping in the British Empire

  • Many ships sailed 'under the British ensign' (flying a British flag) because this meant that the British Navy would defend these ships and their cargo to allow free trade.
  • The blue squadron of the Royal Navy patrolled the Indian Ocean, whilst the red squadron sailed in the Caribbean and Atlantic.
  • Clipper ships were a narrow sailing boat that was popular in the 19th Century. Because of their narrow width, they were used to transport low volume, high-priced goods like tea, opium, saffron, and vanilla.
  • Steamships could increase cargo capacity. They became more popular after the opening of the Suez Canal.
Illustrative background for Railways in the British EmpireIllustrative background for Railways in the British Empire ?? "content

Railways in the British Empire

  • ‘Railway imperialism’ was important in self-governing colonies.
    • e.g. Canada, Australia; but also in India and West Africa.
  • Most investment in railways came from private individuals investing in private companies (a bit like venture capital). According to Stone (1999), 71% of British money channelled towards building railways went to regions of recent settlement like India.
  • Although British speculators and businesses may have improved the infrastructure in Britain's colonies, most of the contracts for providing the railway equipment and rolling stock went to British companies.
Illustrative background for Canals and riversIllustrative background for Canals and rivers ?? "content

Canals and rivers

  • Rivers were often the focus of explorers' quests.
  • Canals could be used to avoid dangerous waterways.
  • New canals and waterways were created in India and Canada.

Jump to other topics

1High Water Mark of the British Empire, 1857-1914

2Imperial Consolidation & Liberal Rule, 1890-1914

3Imperialism Challenged, 1914-1967

4The Wind of Change, 1947-1967

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