Ethics
Biology: Cambridge International A Level, topic 19.3.2
Ethical Concerns
Although recombinant DNA technology can be hugely beneficial, there are concerns raised by environmentalists and anti-globalisation activists in opposition to the use of recombinant DNA technology.
Spread of genes
- Genetically modified (GM) crops and livestock are produced when a beneficial gene is inserted into their genome to improve a certain trait.
- The genes could be transferred into other organisms where it is harmful.
- E.g. A gene for herbicide resistance could be passed on to a weed, or a gene for antibiotic resistance to pathogenic bacteria.
- Genes from genetically engineered (transgenic) crops could also spread to organic crops.
Unforeseen impacts
- Genetic modifications to an organism could have unforeseen effects and disrupt normal gene function.
- The use of genetically engineered organisms could lead to a reduction in the variety in populations.
- If variety in a population decreases, biodiversity also decreases.
- Low biodiversity can have negative impacts (e.g. extinction is more likely).
- GM crops can also produce allergies.
Economic consequences
- There could be economic consequences for some countries if genetically engineered crops can be grown in different countries where previously it was not possible.
- Companies who are able to invest more money in recombinant DNA technology may out-compete others.
Test yourself on Ethics
What are some of the concerns raised with recombinant DNA?
Which of the following statements about ethical concerns are true?
Which of these is NOT an ethical concern of recombinant DNA technology?