HIV

Biology: Cambridge International A Level, topic 10.1.3

HIV/AIDS

As a viral disease, HIV/AIDS cannot be treated with antibiotics as the virus uses the cells of the host for replication.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes the infection HIV.
The initial infection causes flu-like symptoms, such as high temperatures and fatigue.
HIV attacks CD-4 cells of the human immune system. Infections become progressively more difficult to fight.
The body forms antibodies against HIV. They do not prevent the disease from progressing. Detection of anti-HIV antibodies is diagnostic.
Without treatment, HIV sufferers may develop Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which is a life-threatening condition.

Antiretroviral drugs are used to prevent the multiplication of the virus inside the body, but so far there is no cure for the disease.

Transmission of HIV is via direct contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk.
With no vaccine currently available, prevention relies on:
Promoting awareness of risks and how to reduce them.
- By using condoms during sex, getting tested regularly and not sharing needles.
Identifying infection early.
- This process includes screening donated blood.

Over 90% of HIV infections are in developing countries, the majority of which are in sub-Saharan Africa.