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Coordinated Responses

Biology: Edexcel IGCSE, topic 3.5.3

Coordinated responses

Control systems in animals use both nervous and chemical responses. Control systems in plants are coordinated by plant hormones. Coordinated responses are made up of three components:

Stimulus

Stimulus

  • A stimulus is a change in environmental conditions that brings about a response.
  • Sunlight and temperature are examples of stimuli.
Receptor

Receptor

  • Receptor cells detect stimuli.
Effector

Effector

  • Effectors (e.g. muscles or glands) carry out responses to stimuli that help to restore optimum levels.

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