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  1. Revision notes
  2. IGCSE
  3. Biology
  4. Edexcel IGCSE
  5. Higher
  6. Human Thorax

Human Thorax

Biology: Edexcel IGCSE, topic 3.2.4

Test yourself on Human Thorax

  • Which of these is not found in the human thorax?

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Previous topic3.2.3 Plant Gas ExchangeNext topic3.2.5 Breathing Process

Biology: Edexcel IGCSE contents

  1. 1 The Nature & Variety of Living Organisms

    • 1.1 Characteristics of Living Organisms

      • 1.1.1 MRS GRENC
      • 1.1.2 M.R.S.
      • 1.1.3 G.R.E.N.C.
    • 1.2 Variety of Living Organisms

      • 1.2.1 Types of Cells
      • 1.2.2 Properties of Prokaryotes
      • 1.2.3 Structure of Eukaryotic Cells
      • 1.2.4 Organisms: Animals & Plants
      • 1.2.5 Other Kingdoms
      • 1.2.6 Pathogens
      • 1.2.7 Viruses
  2. 2 Structure & Functions in Living Organisms

    • 2.1 Organisation Structure

      • 2.1.1 Cells
      • 2.1.2 Tissues
      • 2.1.3 Organs
      • 2.1.4 Organ Systems
      • 2.1.5 Organisms
      • 2.1.6 Animal cells
      • 2.1.7 Plant cells
      • 2.1.8 Cell Differentiation
      • 2.1.9 Stem Cells
      • 2.1.10 Uses of Stem Cells
      • 2.1.11 Disadvantages of Stem Cells
      • 2.1.12 End of Topic Test - Cell Types & Structures
      • 2.1.13 Exam-Style Questions - Cells
      • 2.1.14 Diffusion
      • 2.1.15 Factors affecting Diffusion
      • 2.1.16 Surface Area to Volume Ratio
      • 2.1.17 Diffusion - Experiment
      • 2.1.18 Osmosis
      • 2.1.19 Required Practical - Osmosis
      • 2.1.20 Active Transport
      • 2.1.21 Transport in Cells
      • 2.1.22 End of Topic Test - Cell Transport
      • 2.1.23 Grade 9 - Cell Transport
      • 2.1.24 Exam-Style Questions - Substance Exchange
    • 2.2 Biological Molecules

      • 2.2.1 Chemical Elements
      • 2.2.2 Larger Molecules
      • 2.2.3 Required Practical - Food Testing
      • 2.2.4 Enzymes
      • 2.2.5 Rate of Enzyme Action
      • 2.2.6 Investigating Effect of pH on Amylase
      • 2.2.7 Grade 9 - Enzymes
    • 2.3 Nutrition

      • 2.3.1 Photosynthesis
      • 2.3.2 Photosynthesis Equation
      • 2.3.3 Factors affecting Rate of Photosynthesis
      • 2.3.4 Photosynthesis - Calculations
      • 2.3.5 Investigating Photosynthesis
      • 2.3.6 Testing Leaves for Starch
      • 2.3.7 Grade 9 - Photosynthesis Experiment
      • 2.3.8 Exam-Style Questions - Rate of Photosynthesis
      • 2.3.9 Leaf Adaptations
      • 2.3.10 Ion Deficiencies
      • 2.3.11 Human Diet
      • 2.3.12 Vitamins and Minerals
      • 2.3.13 Dietary Needs
      • 2.3.14 Human Digestive System
      • 2.3.15 Peristalsis
      • 2.3.16 Villi
      • 2.3.17 Digestive Enzymes
      • 2.3.18 Amylase
      • 2.3.19 Protease
      • 2.3.20 Lipase
      • 2.3.21 Bile
      • 2.3.22 End of Topic Test - Enzymes & Nutririon
      • 2.3.23 Exam-Style Questions - Enzymes & Digestion
  3. 3 Organism Functions

    • 3.1 Respiration

      • 3.1.1 Respiration
      • 3.1.2 Aerobic and Anaerobic
      • 3.1.3 Investigating Respiration
      • 3.1.4 End of Topic Test - Respiration
    • 3.2 Gas Exchange

      • 3.2.1 Guard Cells & Stomata
      • 3.2.2 States of Stomata
      • 3.2.3 Plant Gas Exchange
      • 3.2.4 Human Thorax
      • 3.2.5 Breathing Process
      • 3.2.6 Gas Exchange in Lungs
      • 3.2.7 Exchange Surfaces
      • 3.2.8 Alveoli
      • 3.2.9 Breath Composition
      • 3.2.10 Exercise and Breathing
      • 3.2.11 Smoking
    • 3.3 Transport

      • 3.3.1 Surface Area to Volume Ratio
      • 3.3.2 Exchange Surfaces
      • 3.3.3 Examples of Exchange Surfaces
      • 3.3.4 Root Hair Cells
      • 3.3.5 Transpiration
      • 3.3.6 Rate of Transpiration
      • 3.3.7 Measuring Transpiration
      • 3.3.8 Xylem
      • 3.3.9 Translocation
      • 3.3.10 Blood Components
      • 3.3.11 Plasma
      • 3.3.12 Red Blood Cell
      • 3.3.13 Platelets
      • 3.3.14 The Immune System
      • 3.3.15 Antibodies
      • 3.3.16 Vaccination
      • 3.3.17 Types of Blood Vessel
      • 3.3.18 Blood Vessels - Arteries
      • 3.3.19 Blood Vessels - Veins
      • 3.3.20 Blood Vessels - Capillaries
      • 3.3.21 Function of the Heart
      • 3.3.22 Structure of the Heart
      • 3.3.23 Heart Rate
      • 3.3.24 Heart Disease
      • 3.3.25 Double Circulatory System
      • 3.3.26 Important Blood Vessels
      • 3.3.27 End of Topic - Transport
      • 3.3.28 Exam-Style Questions - The Heart
    • 3.4 Excretion

      • 3.4.1 Excretion
      • 3.4.2 Kidneys
      • 3.4.3 Urine Production
      • 3.4.4 Urinary System
      • 3.4.5 Nephron
      • 3.4.6 Water in Urine
    • 3.5 Coordination & Response

      • 3.5.1 Homeostasis
      • 3.5.2 Regulating Internal Conditions
      • 3.5.3 Coordinated Responses
      • 3.5.4 Types of Tropisms
      • 3.5.5 Auxin and Phototropism
      • 3.5.6 Nervous System
      • 3.5.7 Synapses
      • 3.5.8 Reflex Actions
      • 3.5.9 Reflex Arc
      • 3.5.10 Sense Organs
      • 3.5.11 The Eye
      • 3.5.12 Eye - Focusing
      • 3.5.13 Eye - Adapting to Light
      • 3.5.14 Thermoregulation
      • 3.5.15 Sweating and Shivering
      • 3.5.16 Thermoregulation - Blood Vessels
      • 3.5.17 Exam-Style Questions - Homeostasis
      • 3.5.18 Endocrine Glands
      • 3.5.19 Hormones
      • 3.5.20 Nervous vs Endocrine
      • 3.5.21 Adrenaline
      • 3.5.22 Glucose
      • 3.5.23 Puberty
      • 3.5.24 Menstruation
      • 3.5.25 Menstrual Cycle
      • 3.5.26 Menstrual Hormones
      • 3.5.27 Grade 9 - Hormonal Coordination
      • 3.5.28 End of Topic Test - Coordination & Response
  4. 4 Reproduction & Inheritance

    • 4.1 Reproduction

      • 4.1.1 Asexual Reproduction
      • 4.1.2 Sexual Reproduction
      • 4.1.3 Gamete vs Zygote
      • 4.1.4 Plant Reproduction
      • 4.1.5 Flower Anatomy
      • 4.1.6 Germination
      • 4.1.7 Pollination
      • 4.1.8 Pollination Methods
      • 4.1.9 Male Reproductive System
      • 4.1.10 Female Reproductive System
      • 4.1.11 Pregnancy
      • 4.1.12 Exam-Style Questions - Sexual Reproduction
    • 4.2 Genetics

      • 4.2.1 Cell Division
      • 4.2.2 Meiosis
      • 4.2.3 Genome
      • 4.2.4 Genome Diagram
      • 4.2.5 DNA
      • 4.2.6 RNA
      • 4.2.7 Protein Synthesis
      • 4.2.8 Synthesis Process
      • 4.2.9 End of Topic Test - Reproduction & Genetics
    • 4.3 Variation

      • 4.3.1 Alleles
      • 4.3.2 Phenotype
      • 4.3.3 Monohybrid Inheritance
      • 4.3.4 Punnett Square
      • 4.3.5 Sex Determination
      • 4.3.6 Codominance
      • 4.3.7 Cystic Fibrosis Punnett Square
      • 4.3.8 Cystic Fibrosis Pedigree Diagram
      • 4.3.9 Variation
      • 4.3.10 Mutations
      • 4.3.11 Natural Selection
      • 4.3.12 Evolution
      • 4.3.13 Resistant Bacteria
      • 4.3.14 End of Topic Test - Variation
      • 4.3.15 Grade 9 - Evolution
      • 4.3.16 Exam-Style Questions - Cystic Fibrosis
  5. 5 Ecology

    • 5.1 Ecosystems

      • 5.1.1 Ecosystems
      • 5.1.2 Resources
      • 5.1.3 Interdependence
      • 5.1.4 Growth Factors
      • 5.1.5 Assessing Ecosystems
      • 5.1.6 Quadrats
      • 5.1.7 Required Practical
      • 5.1.8 Exam-Style Questions - Sampling
      • 5.1.9 Energy Flow
      • 5.1.10 Food Chains
      • 5.1.11 Trophic Levels
      • 5.1.12 Decomposers
      • 5.1.13 Pyramids of Biomass
      • 5.1.14 Transfer of Biomass
      • 5.1.15 Reasons for Wastage
      • 5.1.16 End of Topic Test - Food and Trophic Levels
      • 5.1.17 Recycling Materials
      • 5.1.18 Carbon Cycle
      • 5.1.19 Exam-Style Questions - Carbon Cycle
      • 5.1.20 Nitrogen Cycle
      • 5.1.21 The Nitrogen Cycle and Microorganisms
      • 5.1.22 End of Topic Test - Ecosystems
      • 5.1.23 Grade 9 - Ecosystems
    • 5.2 Human Impacts

      • 5.2.1 Waste Management
      • 5.2.2 Eutrophication
      • 5.2.3 Air Pollution
      • 5.2.4 Deforestation
      • 5.2.5 The Greenhouse Effect
      • 5.2.6 Greenhouse Gases
      • 5.2.7 Global Warming
      • 5.2.8 End of Topic Test - Human Impacts
      • 5.2.9 Exam-Style Questions - Air Pollution
  6. 6 Biological Resources

    • 6.1 Food Production

      • 6.1.1 Intensive Farming - Crop Yield
      • 6.1.2 Intensive Farming - Ion Deficiency
      • 6.1.3 Intensive Farming - Pest Control
      • 6.1.4 Intensive Farming - Fish Farming
      • 6.1.5 Microorganisms in Food
      • 6.1.6 Factors Affecting Microorganism Growth
      • 6.1.7 Industrial Fermentation
      • 6.1.8 Selective Breeding
      • 6.1.9 Selective Breeding Process
      • 6.1.10 Uses of Selective Breeding
      • 6.1.11 Exam-Style Questions - Selective Breeding
    • 6.2 Genetic Engineering

      • 6.2.1 Genetic Engineering
      • 6.2.2 Uses of Genetic Engineering
      • 6.2.3 Producing Human Proteins in Bacteria
      • 6.2.4 Tissue Culture
      • 6.2.5 Uses of Tissue Culture
      • 6.2.6 Artificial Animal Cloning
      • 6.2.7 Exam-Style Questions - Mitosis & Cloning

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