Why do People Live Near Volcanoes?

Test yourself

People Near Volcanoes

If volcanoes are so dangerous, why do people live near them?

Family history

It is where you were raised and it has not erupted in your lifetime so you believe you are unlikely to be affected.
You may also be too poor to move.

Good prediction

Observations of volcanoes are good and we can predict eruptions.
Exclusion zones are placed around volcanoes and there are eruption warnings given so there is a perception it is safe.

Landscape benefits

They are beautiful locations.
- E.g. Mount Fuji in Japan is stunning.
Benefits outweigh the risks.
- E.g. Iceland was created by lava flows and uses geothermal power throughout the island.
Volcanic areas have fertile soil which can be used for farming over time.

Tourism

Tourism can be big business in volcanic areas.
- E.g. Volcano tourism to Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland increased dramatically in 2010 once the air travel ban was lifted.

1Paper 1 - Changing River Environnments

1.1Characteristics of Rivers

1.1.1The Long Profile

1.1.2Characteristics of Rivers

1.2River Landforms

1.2.1Waterfalls & Gorges

1.2.2Meanders

1.2.3Oxbow Lakes

1.2.4Levees

1.2.5Floodplains

1.2.6Deltas

1.2.7Interlocking Spurs

1.3Rivers: Opportunities & Hazards

1.3.1River Pollution

1.3.2River Pollution in the River Thames

1.4The Bradshaw Model

1.4.1The Bradshaw Model

1.5The Drainage Basin & the Water Cycle

1.5.1The Drainage Basin & the Water Cycle

1.6Processes Operating in a Drainage Basin

1.6.1Hydrological Cycle in a Drainage Basin

1.6.2Processes in a Drainage Basin

1.7Processes Operating in a River

1.7.1Erosion

1.7.2Transportation

1.7.3Deposition

1.7.4Diagnostic Misconceptions - Upper Course

1.7.5Diagnostic Misconceptions - Deposition

2Paper 1 - Changing Coastal Environments

2.1Physical Processes that Shape the Coast

2.1.1Processes of Erosion

2.1.2Corrosion & Corrasion

2.1.3Transportation

2.1.4Deposition

2.1.5Longshore Drift

2.1.6Types of Waves

2.1.7Case Study: The Holderness Coast (UK)

2.1.8Case Study: The Holderness Coast - Management

2.1.9Case Study: The Holderness Coast - Defences

2.1.10Diagnostic Misconceptions - Swash & Backwash

2.2Landforms

2.2.1Headlands & Bays

2.2.2Beaches, Stumps, & Cliffs

2.2.3Wave-cut Platforms

2.2.4Caves, Arches, & Stacks

2.2.5Spits, Bars, & Sand Dunes

2.2.6Discordant & Concordant Coastlines

2.3Opportunities & Hazards

2.3.1Opportunities & Hazards

2.3.2Managing Flooding - Hard Engineering

2.3.3Coastal Management - Hard Engineering

2.3.4Coastal Management - More Hard Engineering

2.3.5Coastal Management - Soft Engineering

2.3.6End of Topic Test - Rivers

2.3.7End of Topic Test -Coasts

2.4Tropical Storms

2.4.1Tropical Storms

2.4.2Structure of Tropical Storms

2.4.3Causes of Tropical Storms

2.4.4Effects of Tropical Storms

2.4.5Hazards of Tropical Storms

2.4.6Case Study: Hurricane Katrina - Effects

2.4.7Case Study: Hurricane Katrina - Responses

2.4.8Case Study: Cyclone Nargis - Responses

2.4.9Case Study: Cyclone Nargis

2.4.10Mathematical Skills: Weather Hazards

2.4.11Diagnostic Misconceptions - Rainfall

2.5Protection & Management

2.5.1Coral Reefs

2.5.2Types of Reefs

2.5.3Importance of Coral Reefs

2.5.4Mangrove Swamps

2.5.5Importance of Mangroves

3Paper 1 - Changing Ecosystems

3.1Antarctic

3.1.1Features of the Antartic Ecosystem

3.1.2Factors Influencing the Antarctic

3.1.3Abiotic–Biotic Factors & Adaptations

3.2Threats to the Antarctic

3.2.1Antarctic: Threats & Impacts

3.2.2Antarctic: Evaluation of Strategies

3.3Tropical Rainforest

3.3.1Global Distribution & Characteristics

3.3.2Tropical Rainforest: Structure

3.3.3Tropical Rainforest: Interrelationships

3.4Tropical Rainforest: Threats

3.4.1ThreatsThreats & Impacts

3.4.2Evaluation of Strategies

3.4.3Mathematical Skills: Deforestation

3.4.4Rainforest Case Study

4Paper 1 - Tectonic Hazards

4.1The Structure of the Earth

4.1.1Structure of the Earth: Characteristics

4.1.2Tectonic Plates

4.1.3Plate Margins

4.1.4Plate Boundaries

4.1.5Earthquakes at Plate Margins

4.2The Processes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes

4.2.1Earthquakes: Processes & Characteristics

4.2.2Earthquake Hazards

4.2.3Types of Volcano

4.2.4Classification & Features

4.2.5Volcanic Hazards

4.2.6Diagnostic Misconceptions - Lava