How Can We Reduce the Global Development Gap?

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Strategies to Reduce the Global Development Gap

Below are some of the strategies used to try and reduce the global development gap:

Debt relief

Poor countries often borrow money to build infrastructure and develop their economies.
But because they are poor countries, lending to them is risky. Because of this, they have to pay a higher interest rate on their loans.
In 2005, Malawi was spending 9.6% of its GNI on paying its debts & interest. This was double Malawi's spending on healthcare.
In 2015, the Ivory Coast received $7.7bn worth of debt relief.

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Aid

Aid can come from governments or from charitable foundations (like the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation).
The UK gives 0.7% of GNI as aid to foreign countries.
The top 5 recipients of the UK's foreign aid are Pakistan, Syria, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, and Nigeria.
This foreign aid can be spent on basic healthcare supplies, vaccinations, food, water, infrastructure projects and things that improve the lives of people living in poorer nations.

Fair trade

The Fairtrade Foundation was created in 1997, aiming to pay farmers fairly for the goods that they produce (usually primary products).
This increases farmers' quality of life, by asking consumers to pay more money for Fairtrade products.
Coffee, cocoa (for chocolate) and bananas are crops that are part of the Fairtrade movement.

Using intermediate technology

Intermediate technology does not require much government support or many institutions for it to be used.
Products like solar cookers (which can cook food or boil water powered by the sun's rays), solar-powered LED lights, water filtration systems, and more effective water pumps are all examples of intermediate technologies.
They aim to improve people's lives on a micro-level, similar to micro-finance.
These innovations can improve and save lives without much government support.

Strategies to Reduce the Global Development Gap

Below are some more strategies that are used to try and reduce the global development gap:

Industrial development

Industrial development includes improving a country's exports, improving infrastructure, improving a workforce's skills and having a strategy to increase productivity, grow and export.
South Korea's Ministry of Culture has contributed to the rise of K-Pop and other Korean exports, whilst Singapore's industrial strategy has focused on physical trade, zero corruption, and professional services.

Tourism

Tourists travel to a country, spend their money in the country, and create lots of local jobs.
Tourism is an export for low-income countries.
Travel and tourism supports 10% of all jobs in Indonesia.

Microfinance loans

Microfinance loans using platforms like KIVA allows people to give very small loans to people living in low-income countries.
By 2020, KIVA had lent $1.4bn to some of the lowest-income entrepreneurs in the world.
These loans can let people set up local businesses or expand existing businesses to more towns.
Local banking systems may not work very well, so microfinance loans could be a solution for lots of people.

1The Challenge of Natural Hazards

1.1Natural Hazards

1.1.1Natural Hazards

1.1.2Types of Natural Hazards

1.1.3Factors Affecting Risk

1.1.4People Affecting Risk

1.1.5Ability to Cope With Natural Hazards

1.1.6How Serious Are Natural Hazards?

1.1.7End of Topic Test - Natural Hazards

1.1.8Exam-Style Questions - Natural Hazards

1.2Tectonic Hazards

1.2.1The Earth's Layers

1.2.2Tectonic Plates

1.2.3The Earth's Tectonic Plates

1.2.4Convection Currents

1.2.5Plate Margins

1.2.6Volcanoes

1.2.7Volcano Eruptions

1.2.8Effects of Volcanoes

1.2.9Primary Effects of Volcanoes

1.2.10Secondary Effects of Volcanoes

1.2.11Responses to Volcanic Eruptions

1.2.12Immediate Responses to Volcanoes

1.2.13Long-Term Responses to Volcanoes

1.2.14Earthquakes

1.2.15Earthquakes at Different Plate Margins

1.2.16What is an Earthquake?

1.2.17Measuring Earthquakes

1.2.18Immediate Responses to Earthquakes

1.2.19Long-Term Responses to Earthquakes

1.2.20Case Studies: The L'Aquila Earthquake

1.2.21Case Studies: The Kashmir Earthquake

1.2.22Earthquake Case Study: Chile 2010

1.2.23Earthquake Case Study: Nepal 2015

1.2.24Reducing the Impact of Tectonic Hazards

1.2.25Protecting & Planning

1.2.26Living with Tectonic Hazards 2

1.2.27End of Topic Test - Tectonic Hazards

1.2.28Exam-Style Questions - Tectonic Hazards

1.2.29Tectonic Hazards - Statistical Skills

1.3Weather Hazards

1.3.1Winds & Pressure

1.3.2The Global Atmospheric Circulation Model

1.3.3Surface Winds

1.3.4UK Weather Hazards

1.3.5Changing Weather in the UK

1.3.6Tropical Storms

1.3.7Tropical Storm Causes

1.3.8Features of Tropical Storms

1.3.9The Structure of Tropical Storms

1.3.10The Effect of Climate Change on Tropical Storms

1.3.11The Effects of Tropical Storms

1.3.12Responses to Tropical Storms

1.3.13Reducing the Effects of Tropical Storms

1.3.14Tropical Storms Case Study: Katrina

1.3.15Tropical Storms Case Study: Haiyan

1.3.16UK Weather Hazards Case Study: Somerset 2014

1.3.17End of Topic Test - Weather Hazards

1.3.18Exam-Style Questions - Weather Hazards

1.3.19Weather Hazards - Statistical Skills

1.4Climate Change

1.4.1Climate Change

1.4.2Evidence for Climate Change

1.4.3Natural Causes of Climate Change

1.4.4Human Causes of Climate Change

1.4.5Effects of Climate Change on the Environment

1.4.6Effects of Climate Change on People

1.4.7Climate Change Mitigation Strategies

1.4.8Adaptation to Climate Change

1.4.9End of Topic Test - Climate Change

1.4.10Exam-Style Questions - Climate Change

1.4.11Climate Change - Statistical Skills

2The Living World

2.1Ecosystems

2.1.1Ecosystems

2.1.2Food Chains & Webs

2.1.3Ecosystem Cascades

2.1.4Global Ecosystems

2.1.5Ecosystem Case Study: Freshwater Ponds

2.2Tropical Rainforests

2.2.1Tropical Rainforests

2.2.2Interdependence of Tropical Rainforests

2.2.3Adaptations of Plants to Rainforests

2.2.4Adaptations of Animals to Rainforests

2.2.5Biodiversity of Tropical Rainforests

2.2.6Deforestation

2.2.7Impacts of Deforestation

2.2.8Case Study: Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest

2.2.9Why Protect Rainforests?

2.2.10Sustainable Management of Rainforests

2.2.11Case Study: Malaysian Rainforest

2.2.12End of Topic Test - Tropical Rainforests

2.2.13Exam-Style Questions - Tropical Rainforests

2.2.14Deforestation - Statistical Skills

2.3Hot Deserts

2.3.1Hot Deserts

2.3.2Interdependence in Hot Deserts

2.3.3Adaptation of Plants to Hot Deserts

2.3.4Adaptation of Animals to Hot Deserts

2.3.5Biodiversity in Hot Deserts

2.3.6Case Study: Sahara Desert

2.3.7Desertification

2.3.8Reducing the Risk of Desertification

2.3.9Case Study: Thar Desert

2.3.10End of Topic Test - Hot Deserts

2.3.11Exam-Style Questions - Hot Deserts

2.4Tundra & Polar Environments

2.4.1Overview of Cold Environments

2.4.2Interdependence of Cold Environments

2.4.3Adaptations of Plants to Cold Environments

2.4.4Adaptations of Animals to Cold Environments

2.4.5Biodiversity in Cold Environments

2.4.6Case Study: Alaska

2.4.7Sustainable Management

2.4.8Case Study: Svalbard

2.4.9End of Topic Test - Tundra & Polar Environments

2.4.10Exam-Style Questions - Cold Environments

3Physical Landscapes in the UK

3.1The UK Physical Landscape

3.1.1The UK Physical Landscape

3.1.2Examples of the UK's Landscape

3.2Coastal Landscapes in the UK

3.3River Landscapes in the UK

3.4Glacial Landscapes in the UK

3.4.1The UK in the Last Ice Age

3.4.2Glacial Processes

3.4.3Glacial Landforms Caused by Erosion

3.4.4Tarns, Corries, Glacial Troughs & Truncated Spurs

3.4.5Types of Moraine

3.4.6Drumlins & Erratics

3.4.7Snowdonia

3.4.8Land Use in Glaciated Areas

3.4.9Conflicts in Glacial Landscapes

3.4.10Tourism in Glacial Landscapes

3.4.11Coping with Tourism Impacts in Glacial Landscapes

3.4.12Case Study - Lake District

3.4.13End of Topic Test - Glacial Landscapes in the UK

3.4.14Exam-Style Questions - Glacial Landscapes

4Urban Issues & Challenges

4.1Urban Issues & Challenges

4.1.1Urbanisation

4.1.2Factors Causing Urbanisation

4.1.3Megacities

4.1.4Urbanisation Case Study: Lagos

4.1.5Urbanisation Case Study: Rio de Janeiro

4.1.6UK Cities

4.1.7Case Study: Urban Regen Projects - Manchester

4.1.8Case Study: Urban Change in Liverpool

4.1.9Case Study: Urban Change in Bristol

4.1.10Sustainable Urban Life

4.1.11Reducing Traffic Congestion

4.1.12End of Topic Test - Urban Issues & Challenges

4.1.13Exam-Style Questions - Urban Issues & Challenges

4.1.14Urban Issues -Statistical Skills

5The Changing Economic World

5.1The Changing Economic World

5.1.1Measuring Development

5.1.2Limitations of Developing Measures

5.1.3Classifying Countries Based on Wealth

5.1.4The Demographic Transition Model

5.1.5Stages of the Demographic Transition Model