Physics: AQA GCSE Higher revision notes
1 Energy
1.1 Energy Changes
- 1.1.1 Energy Stores
- 1.1.2 Energy Storing
- 1.1.3 Internal Energy
- 1.1.4 Kinetic Energy Storage
- 1.1.5 Gravitational Potential Energy Storage
- 1.1.6 Elastic Potential Energy Storage
- 1.1.7 Calculating Changes in Energy
- 1.1.8 Changes in Kinetic Energy - Calculations
- 1.1.9 Changes in GPE - Calculations
- 1.1.10 Changes in EPE - Calculations
- 1.1.11 Energy Transfers
- 1.1.12 Energy Transfer Examples
- 1.1.13 Conservation of Energy
- 1.1.14 Mechanical Work - Calculations
- 1.1.15 Mechanical Work Done
- 1.1.16 Mechanical Work Done Equation
- 1.1.17 Electrical Work Done
- 1.1.18 Power
- 1.1.19 Electrical Work Done- Calculations
- 1.1.20 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Stationary Objects
1.3 Energy Resources
- 1.3.1 Energy Resources
- 1.3.2 Fossil Fuels
- 1.3.3 Geothermal Energy
- 1.3.4 Wind Energy
- 1.3.5 Water Energy
- 1.3.6 Tidal Energy
- 1.3.7 Nuclear Energy
- 1.3.8 Solar Energy
- 1.3.9 Original Source of Energy
- 1.3.10 Non-Renewable & Renewable Resources
- 1.3.11 Uses of Energy Sources
- 1.3.12 Changing Electricity Use
- 1.3.13 Renewable Energy
- 1.3.14 Limits to Renewable Energy Resources
- 1.3.15 End of Topic Test - Energy
- 1.3.16 Exam-Style Questions - Energy
2 Electricity
2.1 Electric Charge
- 2.1.1 Circuit Diagrams
- 2.1.2 Circuit Symbols
- 2.1.3 Current
- 2.1.4 Current Equation
- 2.1.5 Current - Calculations
- 2.1.6 Conductors
- 2.1.7 Electrical Conductors - Electrons
- 2.1.8 Potential Difference
- 2.1.9 Voltage Equation
- 2.1.10 Measurements in Circuit
- 2.1.11 Voltage - Calculations
- 2.1.12 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Powering a Circuit
2.2 Resistance & Electrical Work
- 2.2.1 Resistance
- 2.2.2 Measuring Resistance
- 2.2.3 Resistance Graph
- 2.2.4 Diodes
- 2.2.5 LDRs & Thermistors
- 2.2.6 Electrical Work
- 2.2.7 Power
- 2.2.8 Ohm's Law
- 2.2.9 Ohm's Law - Equation
- 2.2.10 Resistance & Ohms Law - Calculations
- 2.2.11 Electrical Work - Calculations
- 2.2.12 Required Practical - Investigating Resistance
2.3 Electric Circuits
- 2.3.1 Series Circuits
- 2.3.2 Resistors
- 2.3.3 Required Practical - I–V Characteristics
- 2.3.4 Cells in Series
- 2.3.5 Series Circuits - Calculations
- 2.3.6 Parallel Circuits
- 2.3.7 Parallel Current
- 2.3.8 Parallel Resistance
- 2.3.9 Lights in Parallel
- 2.3.10 Parallel Circuits - Calculations
- 2.3.11 Grade 9 - Circuits
- 2.3.12 Exam-Style Questions - Electricity
3 Particle Model of Matter
3.1 States of Matter
- 3.1.1 Atomic Model
- 3.1.2 Atomic Structure
- 3.1.3 Sub-Atomic Particles
- 3.1.4 Models of the Atom
- 3.1.5 Alpha Particles
- 3.1.6 Electron Arrangements
- 3.1.7 Density
- 3.1.8 Density Equation
- 3.1.9 Density & the Particle Model
- 3.1.10 Density - Calculations
- 3.1.11 Changes of State
- 3.1.12 Melting & Boiling
- 3.1.13 Exam-Style Questions - Density
- 3.1.14 Required Practical - Density
- 3.1.15 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Floating
- 3.1.16 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Volume
3.2 Heat
- 3.2.1 Internal Energy
- 3.2.2 Change in Thermal Energy
- 3.2.3 Required Practical - Specific Heat Capacity
- 3.2.4 Equation for Heat Capacity
- 3.2.5 Leslie's Cube
- 3.2.6 Internal Energy - Calculations
- 3.2.7 Melting & Boiling
- 3.2.8 Latent Heat
- 3.2.9 Energy Change for Change of State
- 3.2.10 Latent Heat - Calculations
- 3.2.11 Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
- 3.2.12 Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation
4 Atoms & Radiation
4.1 Atoms
- 4.1.1 Atomic Model
- 4.1.2 Structure of an Atom
- 4.1.3 Sub-Atomic Particles
- 4.1.4 Alpha Particles
- 4.1.5 The Model of the Atom
- 4.1.6 Electron Arrangements
- 4.1.7 Proton & Nucleon Numbers
- 4.1.8 Atoms & Ions
- 4.1.9 Isotopes 1
- 4.1.10 Isotopes 2
- 4.1.11 Carbon Nuclides
- 4.1.12 Exam-Style Questions - Atomic Structure
- 4.1.13 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Types of Radiation
4.2 Radiation
- 4.2.1 Radioactivity
- 4.2.2 Types of Radiation
- 4.2.3 Detection of Radiation
- 4.2.4 Background Radiation
- 4.2.5 Types of Radioactive Emission
- 4.2.6 Ionising vs Penetration
- 4.2.7 Practical Applications of Radiation
- 4.2.8 Nuclear Fission
- 4.2.9 Nuclear Fission 2
- 4.2.10 Nuclear Fusion
- 4.2.11 Radioactive Decay
- 4.2.12 Radioactive Decay Equations
- 4.2.13 Radioactive Decay Equations - Calculations
- 4.2.14 Radioactive Decay
- 4.2.15 Fission & Fusion Equations
- 4.2.16 Half Lives
- 4.2.17 Measuring Half Lives
- 4.2.18 Ionising Radiation
- 4.2.19 Half Life - Calculations
- 4.2.20 Safety Precautions
- 4.2.21 Uses for Isotopes With Different Half-lives
- 4.2.22 Radioactive Contamination & Irradiation
- 4.2.23 Types of Contamination
- 4.2.24 Required Practical - Radiation
- 4.2.25 Peer Review
- 4.2.26 End of Topic Test - Atoms & Radiation
- 4.2.27 Grade 9 - Radiation
- 4.2.28 Exam-Style Questions - Radioactive Decay
5 Forces
5.1 Basics of Motion
- 5.1.1 Velocity
- 5.1.2 Average Speed
- 5.1.3 Adding Vectors
- 5.1.4 Acceleration
- 5.1.5 Distance vs Displacement
- 5.1.6 Contact & Non-Contact Forces
- 5.1.7 Contact Forces - Examples
- 5.1.8 Distance-Time Graphs
- 5.1.9 Speed-Time Graphs
- 5.1.10 Velocity - Time Graph
- 5.1.11 Average Speed - Calculations
- 5.1.12 Acceleration - Calculations
- 5.1.13 Uniform Acceleration - Calculations
- 5.1.14 Grade 9 - Motion
- 5.1.15 Exam-Style Questions - Motion
- 5.1.16 Diagnostic Misconception - Motion
- 5.1.17 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Acceleration
5.2 Forces
- 5.2.1 Mass & Inertia
- 5.2.2 Weight
- 5.2.3 Centre of Mass
- 5.2.4 Gravity - Calculations
- 5.2.5 Resultant Forces
- 5.2.6 Newton's First Law
- 5.2.7 Newton Second Law - Calculations
- 5.2.8 Newton's Third Law
- 5.2.9 Free Body Force Diagrams
- 5.2.10 Free Body Diagram - Uses
- 5.2.11 Components of Forces
- 5.2.12 Free Body Diagrams - Calculations
- 5.2.13 Stretching a Spring
- 5.2.14 Elastic vs Inelastic Deformation
- 5.2.15 Hooke's Law & Equation
- 5.2.16 Hooke's Law - Equation
- 5.2.17 Hooke's Law - Calculations
- 5.2.18 Required Practical - Spring
- 5.2.19 Elastic Potential Energy
- 5.2.20 Elastic Potential Energy - Equation
- 5.2.21 Elastic Potential - Calculations
- 5.2.22 Exam-Style Questions - Elastic Potential Energy
- 5.2.23 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Weight & Mass
5.3 Effects of Forces
- 5.3.1 Free Fall
- 5.3.2 Free Fall - Graphs
- 5.3.3 Air Resistance & Friction
- 5.3.4 Graphing Acceleration
- 5.3.5 Required Practical - Effects on Acceleration
- 5.3.6 Motion with Air Resistance
- 5.3.7 Momentum
- 5.3.8 Momentum: Law of Conservation
- 5.3.9 Force & Momentum Change
- 5.3.10 Momentum - Equation
- 5.3.11 Change in Momentum - Calculations
- 5.3.12 Momentum - Calculations
- 5.3.13 Turning Effect
- 5.3.14 Moments
- 5.3.15 Equilibrium
- 5.3.16 Moments - Calculations
- 5.3.17 Circular Motion
- 5.3.18 Levers & Gears
- 5.3.19 Gears
- 5.3.20 Stopping Distance
- 5.3.21 Factors Affecting Stopping Distance
- 5.3.22 Factors Affecting Braking Distance
- 5.3.23 Decelerations
- 5.3.24 Dangers of Large Decelerations
- 5.3.25 Stopping Distance - Calculations
- 5.3.26 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Upward Moving Objects
5.4 Pressure
6 Waves
6.1 Wave Basics
- 6.1.1 Wave Basics
- 6.1.2 Wave Speed Formula
- 6.1.3 Wave Speed Equation
- 6.1.4 Wave Speed - Calculations
- 6.1.5 Wave Frequency Formula
- 6.1.6 Wavelength & Amplitude
- 6.1.7 Wave Frequency - Calculations
- 6.1.8 Transverse Waves
- 6.1.9 Longitudinal Wave
- 6.1.10 Required Practical - Ripple Tank
- 6.1.11 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Wavelength
6.3 Sound Waves
- 6.3.1 Sound Waves
- 6.3.2 Sound Waves & our Ears
- 6.3.3 Speed of Sound 1
- 6.3.4 Speed of Sound 2
- 6.3.5 Sound as a Wave
- 6.3.6 Uses of Sound Waves: Ultrasound Waves
- 6.3.7 Uses of Sound Waves: Earthquakes
- 6.3.8 Sound Waves - Calculations
- 6.3.9 End of Topic Test - Introduction to Waves
- 6.3.10 Exam-Style Questions - Wave Speed
7 Magnetism
7.2 Electromagnetism
- 7.2.1 The Magnetic Effect of a Current
- 7.2.2 Solenoid Field
- 7.2.3 Magnetic Field Strength
- 7.2.4 Uses of Electromagnets
- 7.2.5 Motor Effect
- 7.2.6 Direction of Motor Effect
- 7.2.7 Magnetic Flux Equation
- 7.2.8 Magnetic Flux - Calculations
- 7.2.9 Electric Motors
- 7.2.10 Loudspeakers
- 7.2.11 Force Acting on a Coil in a Magnetic Field
- 7.2.12 Induced Potential Difference
- 7.2.13 Increasing the Induced Potential Difference
- 7.2.14 Magnetic Field Direction
- 7.2.15 Forces Between Electricity & Magnets
- 7.2.16 AC/DC
- 7.2.17 AC Generators
- 7.2.18 Generator Effect
- 7.2.19 Microphones
7.3 Transformers
- 7.3.1 Transformers
- 7.3.2 Transformer Equation
- 7.3.3 Step-Up & Step-Down Transformers
- 7.3.4 Principles of Transformer Operation
- 7.3.5 High-Voltage Transmission & Transformers
- 7.3.6 Energy in Transformers
- 7.3.7 Power Losses in Cables
- 7.3.8 Transformers - Calculations
- 7.3.9 Transformers 2 - Calculations
- 7.3.10 End of Topic Test - Magnetism
- 7.3.11 Grade 9 - Transformers
- 7.3.12 Exam-Style Questions - Magnetic Fields
8 Astrophysics
8.1 Astrophysics
- 8.1.1 The Solar System
- 8.1.2 The Sun
- 8.1.3 The Solar System - Calculations
- 8.1.4 Orbits
- 8.1.5 Stable Orbits
- 8.1.6 Orbits HyperLearning
- 8.1.7 Life Cycle of a Star like the Sun
- 8.1.8 Life Cycle of a Star Much Bigger than the Sun
- 8.1.9 Creation of Elements
- 8.1.10 Red-shift
- 8.1.11 The Big Bang Theory
- 8.1.12 Gaps in Knowledge
- 8.1.13 End of Topic Test - Astrophysics
- 8.1.14 Exam-Style Questions - Astrophysics