15.4.5
The Story of Chinese Labourers
The Story of Chinese Labourers
The Story of Chinese Labourers
Chinese labourers also contributed to the French and British war effort through skilled and unskilled labour. However, they were widely discriminated against.
Establishment of the Republic of China
Establishment of the Republic of China
- In 1911 AD, the Republic of China was established following the overthrow of the Chinese royal family.
- The Chinese offered troops to fight for the allies at the start of the war
- They hoped to be recognised as a strong country and build up trade links.
- However, Britain and France rejected the offer of soldiers.
France accepts the Chinese offer
France accepts the Chinese offer
- In 1915 AD, the Chinese once more offered manpower, however this time it was for labourers and not soldiers.
- France accepted this offer but the British still refused.
The British change their minds
The British change their minds
- The heavy losses in 1916 AD changed the minds of the British.
- 20,000 troops were killed on the first day of fighting at the Battle of the Somme in 1916 AD and both sides continued to have heavy losses.
- The British recruited Chinese labourers as additional manpower.
Chinese recruitment
Chinese recruitment
- From 1917 AD onwards, Britain recruited 94,146 Chinese labourers from the provinces of northern China.
- However, this figure doesn't include the additional 40,000 men recruited by France or the men employed in other regions like Mesopotamia (Iraq).
Medical examinations
Medical examinations
- Once the Chinese had arrived in Britain they were medically examined for 21 different conditions, such as tuberculosis, trachoma (eye disease) and dental disorders.
- If they passed the medical inspections they were disinfected and also had their head shaved.
The Story of Chinese Labourers
The Story of Chinese Labourers
Chinese labourers undertook many different tasks on the Western Front.
What did the Chinese labourers do?
What did the Chinese labourers do?
- By 1917, the first Chinese recruited by Britain arrived in France.
- The labourers undertook many different tasks on the Western Front.
- The majority were involved in 'unskilled' work like digging trenches.
- They were seen as very adaptable.
- More skilled labourers were involved in maintaining tanks, repairing motorcycles, artillery and railway lines.
- They were very capable workers and became specialists in many of these jobs.
Preparations for the battle of Cambrai
Preparations for the battle of Cambrai
- The Chinese labourers were heavily involved in the preparations for the battle of Cambrai.
- They helped to prepare the tanks for the battle.
- In total, they prepared 474 machines and built 110 tank towed sledges to transfer the machinery to the front line of the battle.
Discrimination
Discrimination
- Despite the vital work the Chinese undertook on the Western Front, they were discriminated against.
- Such as having their heads shaved, being kept segregated from the British troops and often experiencing racism.
- They were regularly housed in huts far from the British and even their hospitals were sealed off from other troops.
Leaving the Western Front
Leaving the Western Front
- The Chinese were some of the last to leave the Western front.
- They were involved in clearing the area after the fighting had ceased following the armistice in November 1918.
Chinese deaths
Chinese deaths
- It is estimated that nearly 3,000 Chinese labourers died during their employment during the First World War.
- This could be much higher as very few are remembered on official memorials.
1The Medieval World: 450-1450 AD
1.1Anglo-Saxon England
1.2The Contest for the English Throne
1.3Conquering the Holy Land, 10-96-1396 AD
1.3.1Origins of the Crusades
1.3.2Early Disputes Over the Holy Land
1.3.3The First Crusade
1.3.4Course of the Crusades
1.3.5Reasons for the Crusades
1.3.6Military Impact of the Crusades
1.3.7Scientific Impact of the Crusades
1.3.8Domestic Impact of the Crusades
1.3.9Christian Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.10Muslim Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.11End of Topic Test - The Crusades
1.3.12End of Topic Test - The Crusades 2
1.4King John
1.5The Magna Carta & Parliament
1.5.1The Magna Carta
1.5.2Lasting Impact of the Magna Carta
1.5.3The Magna Carta & the Monarchy
1.5.4The Magna Carta & Democracy
1.5.5Contemporary Interpretations of King John
1.5.6Later Interpretations of King John
1.5.7Modern Interpretations of King John
1.5.8End of Topic Test - The Magna Carta
1.5.9End of Topic Test - Lasting Impact of Magna Carta
1.5.10End of Topic Test - Interpretations of King John
1.6The Black Death
2Worldviews
2.1Time & History
2.2The Christian World
3The Empire of Mali
4The Renaissance & Reformations, 1500-1598 AD
4.1The Renaissance
4.2The Reformation
5The British Empire, 1583-1960 AD
5.1The British Empire
5.2North America
5.3The Caribbean
5.4India
5.5Australia
6The Peasants' Revolt
6.1Causes of the Peasants' Revolt
6.2Course of the Revolt
6.3Consequences of the Peasants Revolt
7Religion in the Middle Ages
8Slavery, 1619-1833 AD
8.1Slavery
8.1.1Beginnings of the Slave Trade
8.1.2The Triangular Slave Trade
8.1.3Impact of the Slave Trade on Britain
8.1.4Slave Trade & World Impacts
8.1.5Reasons Attitudes to the Slave Trade Changed
8.1.6The Committee for the Abolition
8.1.7The Abolition of Slavery: Key Events
8.1.8Interpretations of the Slave Trade
8.1.9Interpretations of Abolition
8.1.10End of Topic Test - Slavery
9The English Civil War, 1642-1660
9.1Charles I
9.2Why Did the Civil War Break Out?
9.3The Civil War
9.4The Commonwealth
10The Industrial Revolution, 1750-1840
11US Independence, 1775-1783
12The French Revolution, 1789-1815
12.1The Revolution
13The British Empire, 1857–1930
13.1The British Empire
13.1.1Empires over Time
13.1.2Expansion into Africa
13.1.3Motives for Expansion into Africa
13.1.4History of Egypt
13.1.5The British Empire & India
13.1.6The Bengal Famine, Indian Mutiny & Indian Economy
13.1.7International Relations with other Powers
13.1.8Scramble for Africa
13.1.9The Berlin Conference & Assessment
13.1.10Native Policy in Colonies
13.1.11Relations & Business with Iran
13.1.12Iran After WW2
13.1.13Impact of WW1
13.1.14Indian & African Support for the British in WW1
13.1.15Palestine & the Middle East
13.1.16Britain & its African & Middle Eastern Colonies
14Suffrage
14.1Suffrage
14.2The Campaign for Women’s Suffrage
14.3Women’s Enfranchisement
15World War 1, 1914-1918
15.1Causes of WW1
15.2Outbreak & Early War
15.3The War of Attrition
15.4Forgotten Armies of WWI
16The Inter-War Years, 1919-1939
16.1Increasing Support for Fascists
16.2Control of People in Totalitarian States
16.2.1The German Police State
16.2.2The Gestapo & SS
16.2.3The Success of Repression
16.2.4The USSR Police State
16.2.5Employment in Germany
16.2.6Economic Policies in Germany
16.2.7Nazi Economic Policy - Costs & Benefits
16.2.8Economic Policies in USSR
16.2.9The Jews & Anti-Semitism
16.2.10The Persecution of the Jews - The Holocaust
16.2.11Cult of Personality in the USSR
16.3The Rise of Dictators
17World War 2, 1939-1945
17.1World War 2
17.1.1Long Term Factors of WW2
17.1.2Hitler & the Nazis
17.1.3Appeasement
17.1.4The Phoney War
17.1.5The Blitzkrieg
17.1.6The Battle of Britain
17.1.7German Invasion of the USSR
17.1.8US Entrance into WW2
17.1.9Allied Victory
17.1.10Churchill
17.1.11Anti-Semitism
17.1.12The Holocaust
17.1.13Outcome of WW2
17.1.14Interpretations of the Causes of WW2
17.1.15Interpretation of US Entrance
17.1.16Interpretation of USSR Entrance
18The Cold War, 1947-1962
18.1The Cold War
18.1.1Introduction to Key Terms of the Cold War
18.1.2Ideological Differences Between the Superpowers
18.1.3The Yalta & Potsdam Conferences - 1945 AD
18.1.4Satellite States
18.1.5The Atomic Bomb
18.1.6NATO
18.1.7Containment
18.1.8The Marshall Plan
18.1.9The Berlin Crisis
18.1.10The Berlin Airlift
18.1.11The Refugee Problem in Berlin
18.1.12The Berlin Wall
18.1.13The Arms Race
18.1.14The Space Race
18.1.15Relations with Cuba
18.1.16The Cuban Missile Crisis
18.1.17Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis
19Civil Rights in the USA, 1954-1975
19.1Segregation in the USA
19.1.1Segregation & Discrimination
19.1.2Voting
19.1.3Brown v. Topeka
19.1.4Little Rock High School
19.1.5Rosa Parks
19.1.6Martin Luther King Jr.
19.1.7Opposition to the Civil Rights Movement
19.1.8The Murder of Emmett Till
19.1.9The James Meredith Case
19.1.10Peaceful Protests in the 1960s
19.1.11Freedom Summer & Mississippi Murders
19.1.12Civil & Voting Rights Acts
19.1.13Presidents Kennedy & Johnson
19.1.14The Riots of 1965–67
19.1.15The Kerner Report
19.1.16Martin Luther King's Campaign
19.1.17Assassination of Martin Luther King
19.1.18Consequences of Assassination of MLK
Jump to other topics
1The Medieval World: 450-1450 AD
1.1Anglo-Saxon England
1.2The Contest for the English Throne
1.3Conquering the Holy Land, 10-96-1396 AD
1.3.1Origins of the Crusades
1.3.2Early Disputes Over the Holy Land
1.3.3The First Crusade
1.3.4Course of the Crusades
1.3.5Reasons for the Crusades
1.3.6Military Impact of the Crusades
1.3.7Scientific Impact of the Crusades
1.3.8Domestic Impact of the Crusades
1.3.9Christian Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.10Muslim Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.11End of Topic Test - The Crusades
1.3.12End of Topic Test - The Crusades 2
1.4King John
1.5The Magna Carta & Parliament
1.5.1The Magna Carta
1.5.2Lasting Impact of the Magna Carta
1.5.3The Magna Carta & the Monarchy
1.5.4The Magna Carta & Democracy
1.5.5Contemporary Interpretations of King John
1.5.6Later Interpretations of King John
1.5.7Modern Interpretations of King John
1.5.8End of Topic Test - The Magna Carta
1.5.9End of Topic Test - Lasting Impact of Magna Carta
1.5.10End of Topic Test - Interpretations of King John
1.6The Black Death
2Worldviews
2.1Time & History
2.2The Christian World
3The Empire of Mali
4The Renaissance & Reformations, 1500-1598 AD
4.1The Renaissance
4.2The Reformation
5The British Empire, 1583-1960 AD
5.1The British Empire
5.2North America
5.3The Caribbean
5.4India
5.5Australia
6The Peasants' Revolt
6.1Causes of the Peasants' Revolt
6.2Course of the Revolt
6.3Consequences of the Peasants Revolt
7Religion in the Middle Ages
8Slavery, 1619-1833 AD
8.1Slavery
8.1.1Beginnings of the Slave Trade
8.1.2The Triangular Slave Trade
8.1.3Impact of the Slave Trade on Britain
8.1.4Slave Trade & World Impacts
8.1.5Reasons Attitudes to the Slave Trade Changed
8.1.6The Committee for the Abolition
8.1.7The Abolition of Slavery: Key Events
8.1.8Interpretations of the Slave Trade
8.1.9Interpretations of Abolition
8.1.10End of Topic Test - Slavery
9The English Civil War, 1642-1660
9.1Charles I
9.2Why Did the Civil War Break Out?
9.3The Civil War
9.4The Commonwealth
10The Industrial Revolution, 1750-1840
11US Independence, 1775-1783
12The French Revolution, 1789-1815
12.1The Revolution
13The British Empire, 1857–1930
13.1The British Empire
13.1.1Empires over Time
13.1.2Expansion into Africa
13.1.3Motives for Expansion into Africa
13.1.4History of Egypt
13.1.5The British Empire & India
13.1.6The Bengal Famine, Indian Mutiny & Indian Economy
13.1.7International Relations with other Powers
13.1.8Scramble for Africa
13.1.9The Berlin Conference & Assessment
13.1.10Native Policy in Colonies
13.1.11Relations & Business with Iran
13.1.12Iran After WW2
13.1.13Impact of WW1
13.1.14Indian & African Support for the British in WW1
13.1.15Palestine & the Middle East
13.1.16Britain & its African & Middle Eastern Colonies
14Suffrage
14.1Suffrage
14.2The Campaign for Women’s Suffrage
14.3Women’s Enfranchisement
15World War 1, 1914-1918
15.1Causes of WW1
15.2Outbreak & Early War
15.3The War of Attrition
15.4Forgotten Armies of WWI
16The Inter-War Years, 1919-1939
16.1Increasing Support for Fascists
16.2Control of People in Totalitarian States
16.2.1The German Police State
16.2.2The Gestapo & SS
16.2.3The Success of Repression
16.2.4The USSR Police State
16.2.5Employment in Germany
16.2.6Economic Policies in Germany
16.2.7Nazi Economic Policy - Costs & Benefits
16.2.8Economic Policies in USSR
16.2.9The Jews & Anti-Semitism
16.2.10The Persecution of the Jews - The Holocaust
16.2.11Cult of Personality in the USSR
16.3The Rise of Dictators
17World War 2, 1939-1945
17.1World War 2
17.1.1Long Term Factors of WW2
17.1.2Hitler & the Nazis
17.1.3Appeasement
17.1.4The Phoney War
17.1.5The Blitzkrieg
17.1.6The Battle of Britain
17.1.7German Invasion of the USSR
17.1.8US Entrance into WW2
17.1.9Allied Victory
17.1.10Churchill
17.1.11Anti-Semitism
17.1.12The Holocaust
17.1.13Outcome of WW2
17.1.14Interpretations of the Causes of WW2
17.1.15Interpretation of US Entrance
17.1.16Interpretation of USSR Entrance
18The Cold War, 1947-1962
18.1The Cold War
18.1.1Introduction to Key Terms of the Cold War
18.1.2Ideological Differences Between the Superpowers
18.1.3The Yalta & Potsdam Conferences - 1945 AD
18.1.4Satellite States
18.1.5The Atomic Bomb
18.1.6NATO
18.1.7Containment
18.1.8The Marshall Plan
18.1.9The Berlin Crisis
18.1.10The Berlin Airlift
18.1.11The Refugee Problem in Berlin
18.1.12The Berlin Wall
18.1.13The Arms Race
18.1.14The Space Race
18.1.15Relations with Cuba
18.1.16The Cuban Missile Crisis
18.1.17Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis
19Civil Rights in the USA, 1954-1975
19.1Segregation in the USA
19.1.1Segregation & Discrimination
19.1.2Voting
19.1.3Brown v. Topeka
19.1.4Little Rock High School
19.1.5Rosa Parks
19.1.6Martin Luther King Jr.
19.1.7Opposition to the Civil Rights Movement
19.1.8The Murder of Emmett Till
19.1.9The James Meredith Case
19.1.10Peaceful Protests in the 1960s
19.1.11Freedom Summer & Mississippi Murders
19.1.12Civil & Voting Rights Acts
19.1.13Presidents Kennedy & Johnson
19.1.14The Riots of 1965–67
19.1.15The Kerner Report
19.1.16Martin Luther King's Campaign
19.1.17Assassination of Martin Luther King
19.1.18Consequences of Assassination of MLK
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