13.1.5
The British Empire & India
The British Empire and the East India Company
The British Empire and the East India Company
The East India Company was a private company. This private company initiated Britain's control of India.
Origins of the East India Company
Origins of the East India Company
- On the 31st December 1600, Elizabeth I gave the East India Company (EIC) a royal charter to own a British monopoly over trade with India. The East India Company in 1600 mainly focused on trading spices and would compete with Portuguese and Dutch companies in India.
- The East India Company is the best example of Martin Kitchen's view (1996) that before 1800, ‘the Empire [had] largely been left to exploitation by individual adventurers and commercial companies’.
- The East India Company was a private company founded by the leaders of the Levant Company. They wanted to match the success of the Dutch "Company of Distant Lands', which was having great success trading spices with Indonesia.
The East India Company's rise to power in India
The East India Company's rise to power in India
- The East India Company was a private company until 1858, by which time it had virtually seized control of India.
- In the Anglo-Mughal War of 1686, the East India Company began its aggression, resisting tax increases on their business. The resistance led to a major war, but the East India Company was fined 150,000 rupees on its defeat.
- The East India Company fought against other businesses to control India. The Carnatic Wars were fought in India by the East India Company and its French rival, the French East India Company.
- In 1803, the East India Company is estimated to have had a private army of 250,000 men (mainly local Indian people). This was larger than the British government's army.
Shah Alam and the Treaty of Allahabad
Shah Alam and the Treaty of Allahabad
- In 1765, Shah Alam II signed the Treaty of Allahabad with the East India Company. He was the Emperor of the Mughal Empire in India.
- The Treaty agreed that the Mughal Empire would not collect taxes anymore. Instead, the East India Company's own tax collectors and private army would make money by ruling the region, not only by trading spices and other goods.
- Tharoor (2019) says "Shah Alam II and his successors lived on the sufferance of the Company", whilst Dalrymple (2019) calls the East India Company “the most advanced capitalist organisation in the world” who focused only on profit.
The East India Company's tie to government
The East India Company's tie to government
- Tharoor (2019) says "It was not the British government that seized India at the end of the 18th century, but a dangerously unregulated private company headquartered in one small office, five windows wide, in London, and managed in India by an unstable sociopath – Clive [Robert Clive]."
- Dalrymple (2019) says that "the East India Company probably invented corporate lobbying". It spend £1,200 paying MPs in 1693 and over 25% of MPs held EIC shares.
- In 1767, when the East India Company came under challenge, it agreed to pay £400,000 to the government to keep its position.
- The East India Company paid large dividends to its shareholders (up to 22% in some years) and in many cases bribed and lobbied MPs in Britain. The Parliamentary investigation found the EIC guilty of bribery.
1The Medieval World: 450-1450 AD
1.1Anglo-Saxon England
1.2The Contest for the English Throne
1.3Conquering the Holy Land, 10-96-1396 AD
1.3.1Origins of the Crusades
1.3.2Early Disputes Over the Holy Land
1.3.3The First Crusade
1.3.4Course of the Crusades
1.3.5Reasons for the Crusades
1.3.6Military Impact of the Crusades
1.3.7Scientific Impact of the Crusades
1.3.8Domestic Impact of the Crusades
1.3.9Christian Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.10Muslim Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.11End of Topic Test - The Crusades
1.3.12End of Topic Test - The Crusades 2
1.4King John
1.5The Magna Carta & Parliament
1.5.1The Magna Carta
1.5.2Lasting Impact of the Magna Carta
1.5.3The Magna Carta & the Monarchy
1.5.4The Magna Carta & Democracy
1.5.5Contemporary Interpretations of King John
1.5.6Later Interpretations of King John
1.5.7Modern Interpretations of King John
1.5.8End of Topic Test - The Magna Carta
1.5.9End of Topic Test - Lasting Impact of Magna Carta
1.5.10End of Topic Test - Interpretations of King John
1.6The Black Death
2Worldviews
2.1Time & History
2.2The Christian World
3The Empire of Mali
4The Renaissance & Reformations, 1500-1598 AD
4.1The Renaissance
4.2The Reformation
5The British Empire, 1583-1960 AD
5.1The British Empire
5.2North America
5.3The Caribbean
5.4India
5.5Australia
6The Peasants' Revolt
6.1Causes of the Peasants' Revolt
6.2Course of the Revolt
6.3Consequences of the Peasants Revolt
7Religion in the Middle Ages
8Slavery, 1619-1833 AD
8.1Slavery
8.1.1Beginnings of the Slave Trade
8.1.2The Triangular Slave Trade
8.1.3Impact of the Slave Trade on Britain
8.1.4Slave Trade & World Impacts
8.1.5Reasons Attitudes to the Slave Trade Changed
8.1.6The Committee for the Abolition
8.1.7The Abolition of Slavery: Key Events
8.1.8Interpretations of the Slave Trade
8.1.9Interpretations of Abolition
8.1.10End of Topic Test - Slavery
9The English Civil War, 1642-1660
9.1Charles I
9.2Why Did the Civil War Break Out?
9.3The Civil War
9.4The Commonwealth
10The Industrial Revolution, 1750-1840
11US Independence, 1775-1783
12The French Revolution, 1789-1815
12.1The Revolution
13The British Empire, 1857–1930
13.1The British Empire
13.1.1Empires over Time
13.1.2Expansion into Africa
13.1.3Motives for Expansion into Africa
13.1.4History of Egypt
13.1.5The British Empire & India
13.1.6The Bengal Famine, Indian Mutiny & Indian Economy
13.1.7International Relations with other Powers
13.1.8Scramble for Africa
13.1.9The Berlin Conference & Assessment
13.1.10Native Policy in Colonies
13.1.11Relations & Business with Iran
13.1.12Iran After WW2
13.1.13Impact of WW1
13.1.14Indian & African Support for the British in WW1
13.1.15Palestine & the Middle East
13.1.16Britain & its African & Middle Eastern Colonies
14Suffrage
14.1Suffrage
14.2The Campaign for Women’s Suffrage
14.3Women’s Enfranchisement
15World War 1, 1914-1918
15.1Causes of WW1
15.2Outbreak & Early War
15.3The War of Attrition
15.4Forgotten Armies of WWI
16The Inter-War Years, 1919-1939
16.1Increasing Support for Fascists
16.2Control of People in Totalitarian States
16.2.1The German Police State
16.2.2The Gestapo & SS
16.2.3The Success of Repression
16.2.4The USSR Police State
16.2.5Employment in Germany
16.2.6Economic Policies in Germany
16.2.7Nazi Economic Policy - Costs & Benefits
16.2.8Economic Policies in USSR
16.2.9The Jews & Anti-Semitism
16.2.10The Persecution of the Jews - The Holocaust
16.2.11Cult of Personality in the USSR
16.3The Rise of Dictators
17World War 2, 1939-1945
17.1World War 2
17.1.1Long Term Factors of WW2
17.1.2Hitler & the Nazis
17.1.3Appeasement
17.1.4The Phoney War
17.1.5The Blitzkrieg
17.1.6The Battle of Britain
17.1.7German Invasion of the USSR
17.1.8US Entrance into WW2
17.1.9Allied Victory
17.1.10Churchill
17.1.11Anti-Semitism
17.1.12The Holocaust
17.1.13Outcome of WW2
17.1.14Interpretations of the Causes of WW2
17.1.15Interpretation of US Entrance
17.1.16Interpretation of USSR Entrance
18The Cold War, 1947-1962
18.1The Cold War
18.1.1Introduction to Key Terms of the Cold War
18.1.2Ideological Differences Between the Superpowers
18.1.3The Yalta & Potsdam Conferences - 1945 AD
18.1.4Satellite States
18.1.5The Atomic Bomb
18.1.6NATO
18.1.7Containment
18.1.8The Marshall Plan
18.1.9The Berlin Crisis
18.1.10The Berlin Airlift
18.1.11The Refugee Problem in Berlin
18.1.12The Berlin Wall
18.1.13The Arms Race
18.1.14The Space Race
18.1.15Relations with Cuba
18.1.16The Cuban Missile Crisis
18.1.17Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis
19Civil Rights in the USA, 1954-1975
19.1Segregation in the USA
19.1.1Segregation & Discrimination
19.1.2Voting
19.1.3Brown v. Topeka
19.1.4Little Rock High School
19.1.5Rosa Parks
19.1.6Martin Luther King Jr.
19.1.7Opposition to the Civil Rights Movement
19.1.8The Murder of Emmett Till
19.1.9The James Meredith Case
19.1.10Peaceful Protests in the 1960s
19.1.11Freedom Summer & Mississippi Murders
19.1.12Civil & Voting Rights Acts
19.1.13Presidents Kennedy & Johnson
19.1.14The Riots of 1965–67
19.1.15The Kerner Report
19.1.16Martin Luther King's Campaign
19.1.17Assassination of Martin Luther King
19.1.18Consequences of Assassination of MLK
Jump to other topics
1The Medieval World: 450-1450 AD
1.1Anglo-Saxon England
1.2The Contest for the English Throne
1.3Conquering the Holy Land, 10-96-1396 AD
1.3.1Origins of the Crusades
1.3.2Early Disputes Over the Holy Land
1.3.3The First Crusade
1.3.4Course of the Crusades
1.3.5Reasons for the Crusades
1.3.6Military Impact of the Crusades
1.3.7Scientific Impact of the Crusades
1.3.8Domestic Impact of the Crusades
1.3.9Christian Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.10Muslim Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.11End of Topic Test - The Crusades
1.3.12End of Topic Test - The Crusades 2
1.4King John
1.5The Magna Carta & Parliament
1.5.1The Magna Carta
1.5.2Lasting Impact of the Magna Carta
1.5.3The Magna Carta & the Monarchy
1.5.4The Magna Carta & Democracy
1.5.5Contemporary Interpretations of King John
1.5.6Later Interpretations of King John
1.5.7Modern Interpretations of King John
1.5.8End of Topic Test - The Magna Carta
1.5.9End of Topic Test - Lasting Impact of Magna Carta
1.5.10End of Topic Test - Interpretations of King John
1.6The Black Death
2Worldviews
2.1Time & History
2.2The Christian World
3The Empire of Mali
4The Renaissance & Reformations, 1500-1598 AD
4.1The Renaissance
4.2The Reformation
5The British Empire, 1583-1960 AD
5.1The British Empire
5.2North America
5.3The Caribbean
5.4India
5.5Australia
6The Peasants' Revolt
6.1Causes of the Peasants' Revolt
6.2Course of the Revolt
6.3Consequences of the Peasants Revolt
7Religion in the Middle Ages
8Slavery, 1619-1833 AD
8.1Slavery
8.1.1Beginnings of the Slave Trade
8.1.2The Triangular Slave Trade
8.1.3Impact of the Slave Trade on Britain
8.1.4Slave Trade & World Impacts
8.1.5Reasons Attitudes to the Slave Trade Changed
8.1.6The Committee for the Abolition
8.1.7The Abolition of Slavery: Key Events
8.1.8Interpretations of the Slave Trade
8.1.9Interpretations of Abolition
8.1.10End of Topic Test - Slavery
9The English Civil War, 1642-1660
9.1Charles I
9.2Why Did the Civil War Break Out?
9.3The Civil War
9.4The Commonwealth
10The Industrial Revolution, 1750-1840
11US Independence, 1775-1783
12The French Revolution, 1789-1815
12.1The Revolution
13The British Empire, 1857–1930
13.1The British Empire
13.1.1Empires over Time
13.1.2Expansion into Africa
13.1.3Motives for Expansion into Africa
13.1.4History of Egypt
13.1.5The British Empire & India
13.1.6The Bengal Famine, Indian Mutiny & Indian Economy
13.1.7International Relations with other Powers
13.1.8Scramble for Africa
13.1.9The Berlin Conference & Assessment
13.1.10Native Policy in Colonies
13.1.11Relations & Business with Iran
13.1.12Iran After WW2
13.1.13Impact of WW1
13.1.14Indian & African Support for the British in WW1
13.1.15Palestine & the Middle East
13.1.16Britain & its African & Middle Eastern Colonies
14Suffrage
14.1Suffrage
14.2The Campaign for Women’s Suffrage
14.3Women’s Enfranchisement
15World War 1, 1914-1918
15.1Causes of WW1
15.2Outbreak & Early War
15.3The War of Attrition
15.4Forgotten Armies of WWI
16The Inter-War Years, 1919-1939
16.1Increasing Support for Fascists
16.2Control of People in Totalitarian States
16.2.1The German Police State
16.2.2The Gestapo & SS
16.2.3The Success of Repression
16.2.4The USSR Police State
16.2.5Employment in Germany
16.2.6Economic Policies in Germany
16.2.7Nazi Economic Policy - Costs & Benefits
16.2.8Economic Policies in USSR
16.2.9The Jews & Anti-Semitism
16.2.10The Persecution of the Jews - The Holocaust
16.2.11Cult of Personality in the USSR
16.3The Rise of Dictators
17World War 2, 1939-1945
17.1World War 2
17.1.1Long Term Factors of WW2
17.1.2Hitler & the Nazis
17.1.3Appeasement
17.1.4The Phoney War
17.1.5The Blitzkrieg
17.1.6The Battle of Britain
17.1.7German Invasion of the USSR
17.1.8US Entrance into WW2
17.1.9Allied Victory
17.1.10Churchill
17.1.11Anti-Semitism
17.1.12The Holocaust
17.1.13Outcome of WW2
17.1.14Interpretations of the Causes of WW2
17.1.15Interpretation of US Entrance
17.1.16Interpretation of USSR Entrance
18The Cold War, 1947-1962
18.1The Cold War
18.1.1Introduction to Key Terms of the Cold War
18.1.2Ideological Differences Between the Superpowers
18.1.3The Yalta & Potsdam Conferences - 1945 AD
18.1.4Satellite States
18.1.5The Atomic Bomb
18.1.6NATO
18.1.7Containment
18.1.8The Marshall Plan
18.1.9The Berlin Crisis
18.1.10The Berlin Airlift
18.1.11The Refugee Problem in Berlin
18.1.12The Berlin Wall
18.1.13The Arms Race
18.1.14The Space Race
18.1.15Relations with Cuba
18.1.16The Cuban Missile Crisis
18.1.17Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis
19Civil Rights in the USA, 1954-1975
19.1Segregation in the USA
19.1.1Segregation & Discrimination
19.1.2Voting
19.1.3Brown v. Topeka
19.1.4Little Rock High School
19.1.5Rosa Parks
19.1.6Martin Luther King Jr.
19.1.7Opposition to the Civil Rights Movement
19.1.8The Murder of Emmett Till
19.1.9The James Meredith Case
19.1.10Peaceful Protests in the 1960s
19.1.11Freedom Summer & Mississippi Murders
19.1.12Civil & Voting Rights Acts
19.1.13Presidents Kennedy & Johnson
19.1.14The Riots of 1965–67
19.1.15The Kerner Report
19.1.16Martin Luther King's Campaign
19.1.17Assassination of Martin Luther King
19.1.18Consequences of Assassination of MLK
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