13.1.13
Impact of WW1
White Dominion Support for the British Empire During WW1
White Dominion Support for the British Empire During WW1
Just after WWI, Britain’s empire reached its largest ever size. Article 22 of Versailles divided Germany's overseas colonies between Britain, France, and Belgium.
The Imperial War Cabinet
The Imperial War Cabinet
- The Imperial War Cabinet was created in 1917 to orchestrate Britain's military policy across the British Empire.
White Dominions (Australia and New Zealand)
White Dominions (Australia and New Zealand)
- During the war, the Dominions (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa) were mainly supportive of Britain's war effort against Germany.
- Australian and New Zealand army corps (Anzac) troops were sent to support the British war effort by Australia and New Zealand.
- Anzac Day is still celebrated on the 25th April in Australia and New Zealand to commemorate the Anzac troops who have died in wars.
Anzac losses during WW1
Anzac losses during WW1
- The heaviest Anzac losses were taken at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) in Turkey.
- 26,111 Australians were injured and 8,141 Australian soldiers died in the Gallipoli operation. Only 50,000 Australian soldiers were involved in Gallipoli.
- Australia rejected conscription twice, first in 1916, then again in 1917.
White Dominions (Canada)
White Dominions (Canada)
- The Canadians helped the British defeat the Germans at the Battle of Vimy Ridge in France (1917).
- During the First World War, Canada expanded its wheat exports to Britain, making wheat one of Canada's most important exports.
- However, the Dominions didn't support the British war effort unconditionally.
- Protests broke out in French Quebec (Canada) in 1918.
Indian and African Support for the British Empire During WWI
Indian and African Support for the British Empire During WWI
Just after WWI, Britain’s empire reached its largest ever size. It had commandeered Egypt from the Ottoman Empire at the start of the war. Over 1 million Indian soldiers fought for the British overseas.
Indian military support for Britain
Indian military support for Britain
- During World War One, over 1 million Indian soldiers fought for the British overseas.
- Most Indian soldiers fought in the trenches against the Germans on the Western Front (in France and Belgium), against German East Africa (which is now Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania), or against the Ottoman Empire in Egypt and Gallipoli.
- The Indian Army was split into 'Expeditionary Forces' which were sent to support the British war effort in different regions.
- In 1915, sepoys guarding the crew of the German ship, the SMS Emden, rebelled in Singapore. This is known as the Singapore Mutiny. The Germans refused to join the mutiny.
Indian financial support for Britain
Indian financial support for Britain
- In 1911, income taxes generated 2% of India's budget. By 1917, this had reached 12%, reflecting the higher tax burden on India to support Britain's war effort.
- In 1917, Edwin Montagu, the Secretary of State for India proposed the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms, which committed to increased self-government in India.
- This introduced the idea of dyarchy (dual government).
African support for the British war effort
African support for the British war effort
- At the start of the war, Egypt was theoretically under Turkish control, but Turkey fought alongside the Germans in World War 1. Britain named Egypt a protectorate and promised to consider Egyptian-led rule after the war.
- 1.2 million Egyptians defended Egypt and the Middle East as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force. Some Egyptians fought in Europe and over 50,000 Egyptians are estimated to have been killed in World War One.
League of Nation mandates
League of Nation mandates
- After WW1, the Allies seized German and Ottoman overseas territories.
- The rights to take these territories from Germany were called 'mandates'.
- Countries overseeing mandates were meant to be helping the nations reach a stage where they could become independent.
- A grade mandates: These regions were developed and capable of independence in the near future. e.g. Palestine and Syria.
- B grade mandates: These territories required guidance before independence. e.g. Tanganyika.
- C grade mandates: Independence was not considered viable. e.g. New Guinea and Samoa.
How many troops fought and died for Britain in WW1?
How many troops fought and died for Britain in WW1?
- According to Kitchen (1996), Canada, Australia, and New Zealand "did not question Britain's declaration of war" and "even extreme nationalist Indians did not oppose the war".
- 56,638 Canadians, 59,330 Australians, 16,711 New Zealanders, 7,121 South Africans, 62,056 Indians and 3,000 people from East & West Africa died fighting for Britain in World War 1.
1The Medieval World: 450-1450 AD
1.1Anglo-Saxon England
1.2The Contest for the English Throne
1.3Conquering the Holy Land, 10-96-1396 AD
1.3.1Origins of the Crusades
1.3.2Early Disputes Over the Holy Land
1.3.3The First Crusade
1.3.4Course of the Crusades
1.3.5Reasons for the Crusades
1.3.6Military Impact of the Crusades
1.3.7Scientific Impact of the Crusades
1.3.8Domestic Impact of the Crusades
1.3.9Christian Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.10Muslim Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.11End of Topic Test - The Crusades
1.3.12End of Topic Test - The Crusades 2
1.4King John
1.5The Magna Carta & Parliament
1.5.1The Magna Carta
1.5.2Lasting Impact of the Magna Carta
1.5.3The Magna Carta & the Monarchy
1.5.4The Magna Carta & Democracy
1.5.5Contemporary Interpretations of King John
1.5.6Later Interpretations of King John
1.5.7Modern Interpretations of King John
1.5.8End of Topic Test - The Magna Carta
1.5.9End of Topic Test - Lasting Impact of Magna Carta
1.5.10End of Topic Test - Interpretations of King John
1.6The Black Death
2Worldviews
2.1Time & History
2.2The Christian World
3The Empire of Mali
4The Renaissance & Reformations, 1500-1598 AD
4.1The Renaissance
4.2The Reformation
5The British Empire, 1583-1960 AD
5.1The British Empire
5.2North America
5.3The Caribbean
5.4India
5.5Australia
6The Peasants' Revolt
6.1Causes of the Peasants' Revolt
6.2Course of the Revolt
6.3Consequences of the Peasants Revolt
7Religion in the Middle Ages
8Slavery, 1619-1833 AD
8.1Slavery
8.1.1Beginnings of the Slave Trade
8.1.2The Triangular Slave Trade
8.1.3Impact of the Slave Trade on Britain
8.1.4Slave Trade & World Impacts
8.1.5Reasons Attitudes to the Slave Trade Changed
8.1.6The Committee for the Abolition
8.1.7The Abolition of Slavery: Key Events
8.1.8Interpretations of the Slave Trade
8.1.9Interpretations of Abolition
8.1.10End of Topic Test - Slavery
9The English Civil War, 1642-1660
9.1Charles I
9.2Why Did the Civil War Break Out?
9.3The Civil War
9.4The Commonwealth
10The Industrial Revolution, 1750-1840
11US Independence, 1775-1783
12The French Revolution, 1789-1815
12.1The Revolution
13The British Empire, 1857–1930
13.1The British Empire
13.1.1Empires over Time
13.1.2Expansion into Africa
13.1.3Motives for Expansion into Africa
13.1.4History of Egypt
13.1.5The British Empire & India
13.1.6The Bengal Famine, Indian Mutiny & Indian Economy
13.1.7International Relations with other Powers
13.1.8Scramble for Africa
13.1.9The Berlin Conference & Assessment
13.1.10Native Policy in Colonies
13.1.11Relations & Business with Iran
13.1.12Iran After WW2
13.1.13Impact of WW1
13.1.14Indian & African Support for the British in WW1
13.1.15Palestine & the Middle East
13.1.16Britain & its African & Middle Eastern Colonies
14Suffrage
14.1Suffrage
14.2The Campaign for Women’s Suffrage
14.3Women’s Enfranchisement
15World War 1, 1914-1918
15.1Causes of WW1
15.2Outbreak & Early War
15.3The War of Attrition
15.4Forgotten Armies of WWI
16The Inter-War Years, 1919-1939
16.1Increasing Support for Fascists
16.2Control of People in Totalitarian States
16.2.1The German Police State
16.2.2The Gestapo & SS
16.2.3The Success of Repression
16.2.4The USSR Police State
16.2.5Employment in Germany
16.2.6Economic Policies in Germany
16.2.7Nazi Economic Policy - Costs & Benefits
16.2.8Economic Policies in USSR
16.2.9The Jews & Anti-Semitism
16.2.10The Persecution of the Jews - The Holocaust
16.2.11Cult of Personality in the USSR
16.3The Rise of Dictators
17World War 2, 1939-1945
17.1World War 2
17.1.1Long Term Factors of WW2
17.1.2Hitler & the Nazis
17.1.3Appeasement
17.1.4The Phoney War
17.1.5The Blitzkrieg
17.1.6The Battle of Britain
17.1.7German Invasion of the USSR
17.1.8US Entrance into WW2
17.1.9Allied Victory
17.1.10Churchill
17.1.11Anti-Semitism
17.1.12The Holocaust
17.1.13Outcome of WW2
17.1.14Interpretations of the Causes of WW2
17.1.15Interpretation of US Entrance
17.1.16Interpretation of USSR Entrance
18The Cold War, 1947-1962
18.1The Cold War
18.1.1Introduction to Key Terms of the Cold War
18.1.2Ideological Differences Between the Superpowers
18.1.3The Yalta & Potsdam Conferences - 1945 AD
18.1.4Satellite States
18.1.5The Atomic Bomb
18.1.6NATO
18.1.7Containment
18.1.8The Marshall Plan
18.1.9The Berlin Crisis
18.1.10The Berlin Airlift
18.1.11The Refugee Problem in Berlin
18.1.12The Berlin Wall
18.1.13The Arms Race
18.1.14The Space Race
18.1.15Relations with Cuba
18.1.16The Cuban Missile Crisis
18.1.17Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis
19Civil Rights in the USA, 1954-1975
19.1Segregation in the USA
19.1.1Segregation & Discrimination
19.1.2Voting
19.1.3Brown v. Topeka
19.1.4Little Rock High School
19.1.5Rosa Parks
19.1.6Martin Luther King Jr.
19.1.7Opposition to the Civil Rights Movement
19.1.8The Murder of Emmett Till
19.1.9The James Meredith Case
19.1.10Peaceful Protests in the 1960s
19.1.11Freedom Summer & Mississippi Murders
19.1.12Civil & Voting Rights Acts
19.1.13Presidents Kennedy & Johnson
19.1.14The Riots of 1965–67
19.1.15The Kerner Report
19.1.16Martin Luther King's Campaign
19.1.17Assassination of Martin Luther King
19.1.18Consequences of Assassination of MLK
Jump to other topics
1The Medieval World: 450-1450 AD
1.1Anglo-Saxon England
1.2The Contest for the English Throne
1.3Conquering the Holy Land, 10-96-1396 AD
1.3.1Origins of the Crusades
1.3.2Early Disputes Over the Holy Land
1.3.3The First Crusade
1.3.4Course of the Crusades
1.3.5Reasons for the Crusades
1.3.6Military Impact of the Crusades
1.3.7Scientific Impact of the Crusades
1.3.8Domestic Impact of the Crusades
1.3.9Christian Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.10Muslim Interpretation of the Crusades
1.3.11End of Topic Test - The Crusades
1.3.12End of Topic Test - The Crusades 2
1.4King John
1.5The Magna Carta & Parliament
1.5.1The Magna Carta
1.5.2Lasting Impact of the Magna Carta
1.5.3The Magna Carta & the Monarchy
1.5.4The Magna Carta & Democracy
1.5.5Contemporary Interpretations of King John
1.5.6Later Interpretations of King John
1.5.7Modern Interpretations of King John
1.5.8End of Topic Test - The Magna Carta
1.5.9End of Topic Test - Lasting Impact of Magna Carta
1.5.10End of Topic Test - Interpretations of King John
1.6The Black Death
2Worldviews
2.1Time & History
2.2The Christian World
3The Empire of Mali
4The Renaissance & Reformations, 1500-1598 AD
4.1The Renaissance
4.2The Reformation
5The British Empire, 1583-1960 AD
5.1The British Empire
5.2North America
5.3The Caribbean
5.4India
5.5Australia
6The Peasants' Revolt
6.1Causes of the Peasants' Revolt
6.2Course of the Revolt
6.3Consequences of the Peasants Revolt
7Religion in the Middle Ages
8Slavery, 1619-1833 AD
8.1Slavery
8.1.1Beginnings of the Slave Trade
8.1.2The Triangular Slave Trade
8.1.3Impact of the Slave Trade on Britain
8.1.4Slave Trade & World Impacts
8.1.5Reasons Attitudes to the Slave Trade Changed
8.1.6The Committee for the Abolition
8.1.7The Abolition of Slavery: Key Events
8.1.8Interpretations of the Slave Trade
8.1.9Interpretations of Abolition
8.1.10End of Topic Test - Slavery
9The English Civil War, 1642-1660
9.1Charles I
9.2Why Did the Civil War Break Out?
9.3The Civil War
9.4The Commonwealth
10The Industrial Revolution, 1750-1840
11US Independence, 1775-1783
12The French Revolution, 1789-1815
12.1The Revolution
13The British Empire, 1857–1930
13.1The British Empire
13.1.1Empires over Time
13.1.2Expansion into Africa
13.1.3Motives for Expansion into Africa
13.1.4History of Egypt
13.1.5The British Empire & India
13.1.6The Bengal Famine, Indian Mutiny & Indian Economy
13.1.7International Relations with other Powers
13.1.8Scramble for Africa
13.1.9The Berlin Conference & Assessment
13.1.10Native Policy in Colonies
13.1.11Relations & Business with Iran
13.1.12Iran After WW2
13.1.13Impact of WW1
13.1.14Indian & African Support for the British in WW1
13.1.15Palestine & the Middle East
13.1.16Britain & its African & Middle Eastern Colonies
14Suffrage
14.1Suffrage
14.2The Campaign for Women’s Suffrage
14.3Women’s Enfranchisement
15World War 1, 1914-1918
15.1Causes of WW1
15.2Outbreak & Early War
15.3The War of Attrition
15.4Forgotten Armies of WWI
16The Inter-War Years, 1919-1939
16.1Increasing Support for Fascists
16.2Control of People in Totalitarian States
16.2.1The German Police State
16.2.2The Gestapo & SS
16.2.3The Success of Repression
16.2.4The USSR Police State
16.2.5Employment in Germany
16.2.6Economic Policies in Germany
16.2.7Nazi Economic Policy - Costs & Benefits
16.2.8Economic Policies in USSR
16.2.9The Jews & Anti-Semitism
16.2.10The Persecution of the Jews - The Holocaust
16.2.11Cult of Personality in the USSR
16.3The Rise of Dictators
17World War 2, 1939-1945
17.1World War 2
17.1.1Long Term Factors of WW2
17.1.2Hitler & the Nazis
17.1.3Appeasement
17.1.4The Phoney War
17.1.5The Blitzkrieg
17.1.6The Battle of Britain
17.1.7German Invasion of the USSR
17.1.8US Entrance into WW2
17.1.9Allied Victory
17.1.10Churchill
17.1.11Anti-Semitism
17.1.12The Holocaust
17.1.13Outcome of WW2
17.1.14Interpretations of the Causes of WW2
17.1.15Interpretation of US Entrance
17.1.16Interpretation of USSR Entrance
18The Cold War, 1947-1962
18.1The Cold War
18.1.1Introduction to Key Terms of the Cold War
18.1.2Ideological Differences Between the Superpowers
18.1.3The Yalta & Potsdam Conferences - 1945 AD
18.1.4Satellite States
18.1.5The Atomic Bomb
18.1.6NATO
18.1.7Containment
18.1.8The Marshall Plan
18.1.9The Berlin Crisis
18.1.10The Berlin Airlift
18.1.11The Refugee Problem in Berlin
18.1.12The Berlin Wall
18.1.13The Arms Race
18.1.14The Space Race
18.1.15Relations with Cuba
18.1.16The Cuban Missile Crisis
18.1.17Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis
19Civil Rights in the USA, 1954-1975
19.1Segregation in the USA
19.1.1Segregation & Discrimination
19.1.2Voting
19.1.3Brown v. Topeka
19.1.4Little Rock High School
19.1.5Rosa Parks
19.1.6Martin Luther King Jr.
19.1.7Opposition to the Civil Rights Movement
19.1.8The Murder of Emmett Till
19.1.9The James Meredith Case
19.1.10Peaceful Protests in the 1960s
19.1.11Freedom Summer & Mississippi Murders
19.1.12Civil & Voting Rights Acts
19.1.13Presidents Kennedy & Johnson
19.1.14The Riots of 1965–67
19.1.15The Kerner Report
19.1.16Martin Luther King's Campaign
19.1.17Assassination of Martin Luther King
19.1.18Consequences of Assassination of MLK
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