9.1.2
Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere
The Rise of Oxygen in the Earth's Atmosphere
The Rise of Oxygen in the Earth's Atmosphere
Photosynthesis increased the atmospheric concentration of oxygen.
What is photosynthesis?
What is photosynthesis?
- Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is used to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthetic organisms
Photosynthetic organisms
- Algae were the first photosynthetic organisms to evolve. This happened about 2.5-2.7 billion years ago.
- Photosynthesising plants then began to evolve over the next billion years. This led to an ever-increasing rate of oxygen accumulating in the atmosphere.
The evolution of more complex organisms
The evolution of more complex organisms
- More complex life forms, such as animals, began to evolve once a threshold concentration of oxygen was reached.
The Decrease in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
The Decrease in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
At least 3 factors caused atmospheric carbon dioxide to decrease:
Oceans
Oceans
- The formation of oceans removed large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
- Once dissolved in the oceans, some of this carbon dioxide reacted with seawater to give carbonate precipitates.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
- Carbon dioxide is one of the reactants of the equation for photosynthesis.
- So, the photosynthetic action of algae and plants removed carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Marine animals
Marine animals
- The evolution of marine animals removed carbonates from the oceans as the animals used these to build their shells and skeletons.
1Atomic Structure
1.1Atoms & Elements
1.1.1Elements & Compounds
1.1.2Chemical Reactions & Equations
1.1.3Mixtures
1.1.4Separating Mixtures
1.1.5Model of the Atom
1.1.6Atom Size & Number
1.1.7Atomic Number - Calculations
1.1.8Isotopes
1.1.9Isotopes HyperLearning
1.1.10Isotopes - Calculations
1.1.11Relative Atomic Mass
1.1.12Electron Structure
1.1.13Periodic Table
1.1.14Metals & Non-Metals
1.1.15Noble Gases
1.1.16Halogens
1.1.17Alkali Metals
1.1.18Transition Metals
1.1.19End of Topic Test - Atomic Structure
1.1.20Grade 9 - Atoms & Elements
1.1.21Exam-Style Questions - Atomic Structure
1.1.22Application Questions - Atomic Structure
2Chemical Bonding
2.1Chemical Bonds
2.2States of Matter
2.3Chemical Properties
2.3.1Chemical Properties of Ionic Compounds
2.3.2Chemical Properties of Small Molecules
2.3.3Molecular Forces & Polymers
2.3.4Metals & Giant Covalent Structures
2.3.5Alloys & Conductors
2.3.6Carbon Structures - Diamond & Graphite
2.3.7Carbon Structures - Graphene & Fullerenes
2.3.8Carbon Structures - Summary
2.3.9Nanoparticles
2.3.10Nanotechnology
2.3.11Surface Area to Volume Ratio & Nanotechnology Uses
2.3.12End of Topic Test - Chemical Bonding
2.3.13Grade 9 - Bonding & Structure
2.3.14Exam-Style Questions - Allotropes of Carbon
3Quantitative Chemistry
3.1Chemical Measurements
3.1.1Conservation of Mass
3.1.2Relative Formula Mass
3.1.3Relative Formula Mass - Calculations
3.1.4Measuring Mass
3.1.5Equations & Formula
3.1.6Moles 1
3.1.7Moles 2
3.1.8Moles 3
3.1.9Moles - Calculations
3.1.10Percentage Yield
3.1.11Percentage Yield - Calculations
3.1.12Moles & Yield
3.1.13Atom Economy
3.1.14Atom Economy - Calculations
3.1.15Concentrations & Amounts
3.1.16Amount of Substance in Relation to Volumes and Gas
3.1.17Concentrations & Amounts - Calculations
3.1.18Empirical Formula - Calculations
3.1.19End of Topic Test - Quant Chemistry
3.1.20Grade 9 - Quantitative Chemistry
3.1.21Exam-Style Questions - Moles
4Chemical Changes
4.1Acids, Alkalis & Redox Reactions
4.2Reactivity of Metals
4.3Reactions of Acids
5Energy Changes
5.1Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions
6The Rate & Extent of Chemical Change
6.1Rate of Reaction
7Organic Chemistry
7.1Carbon Compounds
7.2Alkenes & Alcohols
7.2.1Structure of Alkenes
7.2.2Reactions of Alkenes
7.2.3End of Topic Test - Alkanes & Alkenes
7.2.4Alcohols
7.2.5Reactions of Alcohols
7.2.6Carboxylic Acids
7.2.7Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
7.2.8Addition Polymers
7.2.9Condensation Polymers
7.2.10Naturally Occurring Polymers - Proteins
7.2.11Naturally Occurring Polymers - DNA & Sugars
7.2.12End of Topic Test - Alcohols, Acids & Polymers
7.2.13Grade 9 - Organic Chemistry
7.2.14Exam-Style Questions - Alcohols
8Chemical Analysis
8.1Purity, Formulations & Chromatography
8.2Identification of Common Gases
8.3Identifying Ions
8.3.1Flame Tests
8.3.2Required Practical: Flame Tests
8.3.3Metal Hydroxides
8.3.4Carbonates
8.3.5Halides, Sulfates
8.3.6Methodology for Chemical Analysis
8.3.7Flame Emission Spectroscopy
8.3.8End of Topic Test - Chemical Analysis
8.3.9Grade 9 - Chemical Analysis
8.3.10Exam-Style Questions - Identification of ions
9Chemistry of the Atmosphere
9.1The Earth's Atmosphere
9.1.1Proportions of Gases in the Atmosphere
9.1.2Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere
9.1.3Greenhouse Gases & Human Activities
9.1.4Greenhouse Gases & Human Activities
9.1.5Greenhouse Gases & Climate Change
9.1.6Carbon Footprints
9.1.7Common Atmospheric Pollutants & Their Properties
9.1.8End of Topic Test - The Earth
9.1.9Grade 9 - Chemistry of the Atmosphere
9.1.10Exam-Style Questions - Earth's Atmosphere
10Using Resources
10.1Using the Earth's Resources
10.2Life Cycle Assessments & Recycling
10.3Using Materials
10.4The Haber Process & NPK Fertilisers
Jump to other topics
1Atomic Structure
1.1Atoms & Elements
1.1.1Elements & Compounds
1.1.2Chemical Reactions & Equations
1.1.3Mixtures
1.1.4Separating Mixtures
1.1.5Model of the Atom
1.1.6Atom Size & Number
1.1.7Atomic Number - Calculations
1.1.8Isotopes
1.1.9Isotopes HyperLearning
1.1.10Isotopes - Calculations
1.1.11Relative Atomic Mass
1.1.12Electron Structure
1.1.13Periodic Table
1.1.14Metals & Non-Metals
1.1.15Noble Gases
1.1.16Halogens
1.1.17Alkali Metals
1.1.18Transition Metals
1.1.19End of Topic Test - Atomic Structure
1.1.20Grade 9 - Atoms & Elements
1.1.21Exam-Style Questions - Atomic Structure
1.1.22Application Questions - Atomic Structure
2Chemical Bonding
2.1Chemical Bonds
2.2States of Matter
2.3Chemical Properties
2.3.1Chemical Properties of Ionic Compounds
2.3.2Chemical Properties of Small Molecules
2.3.3Molecular Forces & Polymers
2.3.4Metals & Giant Covalent Structures
2.3.5Alloys & Conductors
2.3.6Carbon Structures - Diamond & Graphite
2.3.7Carbon Structures - Graphene & Fullerenes
2.3.8Carbon Structures - Summary
2.3.9Nanoparticles
2.3.10Nanotechnology
2.3.11Surface Area to Volume Ratio & Nanotechnology Uses
2.3.12End of Topic Test - Chemical Bonding
2.3.13Grade 9 - Bonding & Structure
2.3.14Exam-Style Questions - Allotropes of Carbon
3Quantitative Chemistry
3.1Chemical Measurements
3.1.1Conservation of Mass
3.1.2Relative Formula Mass
3.1.3Relative Formula Mass - Calculations
3.1.4Measuring Mass
3.1.5Equations & Formula
3.1.6Moles 1
3.1.7Moles 2
3.1.8Moles 3
3.1.9Moles - Calculations
3.1.10Percentage Yield
3.1.11Percentage Yield - Calculations
3.1.12Moles & Yield
3.1.13Atom Economy
3.1.14Atom Economy - Calculations
3.1.15Concentrations & Amounts
3.1.16Amount of Substance in Relation to Volumes and Gas
3.1.17Concentrations & Amounts - Calculations
3.1.18Empirical Formula - Calculations
3.1.19End of Topic Test - Quant Chemistry
3.1.20Grade 9 - Quantitative Chemistry
3.1.21Exam-Style Questions - Moles
4Chemical Changes
4.1Acids, Alkalis & Redox Reactions
4.2Reactivity of Metals
4.3Reactions of Acids
5Energy Changes
5.1Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions
6The Rate & Extent of Chemical Change
6.1Rate of Reaction
7Organic Chemistry
7.1Carbon Compounds
7.2Alkenes & Alcohols
7.2.1Structure of Alkenes
7.2.2Reactions of Alkenes
7.2.3End of Topic Test - Alkanes & Alkenes
7.2.4Alcohols
7.2.5Reactions of Alcohols
7.2.6Carboxylic Acids
7.2.7Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
7.2.8Addition Polymers
7.2.9Condensation Polymers
7.2.10Naturally Occurring Polymers - Proteins
7.2.11Naturally Occurring Polymers - DNA & Sugars
7.2.12End of Topic Test - Alcohols, Acids & Polymers
7.2.13Grade 9 - Organic Chemistry
7.2.14Exam-Style Questions - Alcohols
8Chemical Analysis
8.1Purity, Formulations & Chromatography
8.2Identification of Common Gases
8.3Identifying Ions
8.3.1Flame Tests
8.3.2Required Practical: Flame Tests
8.3.3Metal Hydroxides
8.3.4Carbonates
8.3.5Halides, Sulfates
8.3.6Methodology for Chemical Analysis
8.3.7Flame Emission Spectroscopy
8.3.8End of Topic Test - Chemical Analysis
8.3.9Grade 9 - Chemical Analysis
8.3.10Exam-Style Questions - Identification of ions
9Chemistry of the Atmosphere
9.1The Earth's Atmosphere
9.1.1Proportions of Gases in the Atmosphere
9.1.2Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere
9.1.3Greenhouse Gases & Human Activities
9.1.4Greenhouse Gases & Human Activities
9.1.5Greenhouse Gases & Climate Change
9.1.6Carbon Footprints
9.1.7Common Atmospheric Pollutants & Their Properties
9.1.8End of Topic Test - The Earth
9.1.9Grade 9 - Chemistry of the Atmosphere
9.1.10Exam-Style Questions - Earth's Atmosphere
10Using Resources
10.1Using the Earth's Resources
10.2Life Cycle Assessments & Recycling
10.3Using Materials
10.4The Haber Process & NPK Fertilisers
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