10.2.1
Life Cycle Assessments
Life Cycle Assessment
Life Cycle Assessment
Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) assess all four stages of a product’s life cycle to try and calculate its total environmental costs. The four stages are:
Comparative Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs)
Comparative Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs)
LCAs allow us to compare the environmental impact of different products. For example, we can compare the environmental impact of plastic and paper bags:
Plastic bags
Plastic bags
- On the surface, plastic bags would seem to have a more significant impact on the environment due to the pollution they cause.
Paper bags
Paper bags
- By examining what actually happens at each stage of the product life cycles, LCAs have shown that paper bags may actually be more harmful.
- This is because their manufacture requires more energy and their lifespan is far shorter.
1Atomic Structure
1.1Atoms & Elements
1.1.1Elements & Compounds
1.1.2Chemical Reactions & Equations
1.1.3Mixtures
1.1.4Separating Mixtures
1.1.5Model of the Atom
1.1.6Atom Size & Number
1.1.7Atomic Number - Calculations
1.1.8Isotopes
1.1.9Isotopes HyperLearning
1.1.10Isotopes - Calculations
1.1.11Relative Atomic Mass
1.1.12Electron Structure
1.1.13Periodic Table
1.1.14Metals & Non-Metals
1.1.15Noble Gases
1.1.16Halogens
1.1.17Alkali Metals
1.1.18Transition Metals
1.1.19End of Topic Test - Atomic Structure
1.1.20Grade 9 - Atoms & Elements
1.1.21Exam-Style Questions - Atomic Structure
1.1.22Application Questions - Atomic Structure
2Chemical Bonding
2.1Chemical Bonds
2.2States of Matter
2.3Chemical Properties
2.3.1Chemical Properties of Ionic Compounds
2.3.2Chemical Properties of Small Molecules
2.3.3Molecular Forces & Polymers
2.3.4Metals & Giant Covalent Structures
2.3.5Alloys & Conductors
2.3.6Carbon Structures - Diamond & Graphite
2.3.7Carbon Structures - Graphene & Fullerenes
2.3.8Carbon Structures - Summary
2.3.9Nanoparticles
2.3.10Nanotechnology
2.3.11Surface Area to Volume Ratio & Nanotechnology Uses
2.3.12End of Topic Test - Chemical Bonding
2.3.13Grade 9 - Bonding & Structure
2.3.14Exam-Style Questions - Allotropes of Carbon
3Quantitative Chemistry
3.1Chemical Measurements
3.1.1Conservation of Mass
3.1.2Relative Formula Mass
3.1.3Relative Formula Mass - Calculations
3.1.4Measuring Mass
3.1.5Equations & Formula
3.1.6Moles 1
3.1.7Moles 2
3.1.8Moles 3
3.1.9Moles - Calculations
3.1.10Percentage Yield
3.1.11Percentage Yield - Calculations
3.1.12Moles & Yield
3.1.13Atom Economy
3.1.14Atom Economy - Calculations
3.1.15Concentrations & Amounts
3.1.16Amount of Substance in Relation to Volumes and Gas
3.1.17Concentrations & Amounts - Calculations
3.1.18Empirical Formula - Calculations
3.1.19End of Topic Test - Quant Chemistry
3.1.20Grade 9 - Quantitative Chemistry
3.1.21Exam-Style Questions - Moles
4Chemical Changes
4.1Acids, Alkalis & Redox Reactions
4.2Reactivity of Metals
4.3Reactions of Acids
5Energy Changes
5.1Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions
6The Rate & Extent of Chemical Change
6.1Rate of Reaction
7Organic Chemistry
7.1Carbon Compounds
7.2Alkenes & Alcohols
7.2.1Structure of Alkenes
7.2.2Reactions of Alkenes
7.2.3End of Topic Test - Alkanes & Alkenes
7.2.4Alcohols
7.2.5Reactions of Alcohols
7.2.6Carboxylic Acids
7.2.7Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
7.2.8Addition Polymers
7.2.9Condensation Polymers
7.2.10Naturally Occurring Polymers - Proteins
7.2.11Naturally Occurring Polymers - DNA & Sugars
7.2.12End of Topic Test - Alcohols, Acids & Polymers
7.2.13Grade 9 - Organic Chemistry
7.2.14Exam-Style Questions - Alcohols
8Chemical Analysis
8.1Purity, Formulations & Chromatography
8.2Identification of Common Gases
8.3Identifying Ions
8.3.1Flame Tests
8.3.2Required Practical: Flame Tests
8.3.3Metal Hydroxides
8.3.4Carbonates
8.3.5Halides, Sulfates
8.3.6Methodology for Chemical Analysis
8.3.7Flame Emission Spectroscopy
8.3.8End of Topic Test - Chemical Analysis
8.3.9Grade 9 - Chemical Analysis
8.3.10Exam-Style Questions - Identification of ions
9Chemistry of the Atmosphere
9.1The Earth's Atmosphere
9.1.1Proportions of Gases in the Atmosphere
9.1.2Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere
9.1.3Greenhouse Gases & Human Activities
9.1.4Greenhouse Gases & Human Activities
9.1.5Greenhouse Gases & Climate Change
9.1.6Carbon Footprints
9.1.7Common Atmospheric Pollutants & Their Properties
9.1.8End of Topic Test - The Earth
9.1.9Grade 9 - Chemistry of the Atmosphere
9.1.10Exam-Style Questions - Earth's Atmosphere
10Using Resources
10.1Using the Earth's Resources
10.2Life Cycle Assessments & Recycling
10.3Using Materials
10.4The Haber Process & NPK Fertilisers
Jump to other topics
1Atomic Structure
1.1Atoms & Elements
1.1.1Elements & Compounds
1.1.2Chemical Reactions & Equations
1.1.3Mixtures
1.1.4Separating Mixtures
1.1.5Model of the Atom
1.1.6Atom Size & Number
1.1.7Atomic Number - Calculations
1.1.8Isotopes
1.1.9Isotopes HyperLearning
1.1.10Isotopes - Calculations
1.1.11Relative Atomic Mass
1.1.12Electron Structure
1.1.13Periodic Table
1.1.14Metals & Non-Metals
1.1.15Noble Gases
1.1.16Halogens
1.1.17Alkali Metals
1.1.18Transition Metals
1.1.19End of Topic Test - Atomic Structure
1.1.20Grade 9 - Atoms & Elements
1.1.21Exam-Style Questions - Atomic Structure
1.1.22Application Questions - Atomic Structure
2Chemical Bonding
2.1Chemical Bonds
2.2States of Matter
2.3Chemical Properties
2.3.1Chemical Properties of Ionic Compounds
2.3.2Chemical Properties of Small Molecules
2.3.3Molecular Forces & Polymers
2.3.4Metals & Giant Covalent Structures
2.3.5Alloys & Conductors
2.3.6Carbon Structures - Diamond & Graphite
2.3.7Carbon Structures - Graphene & Fullerenes
2.3.8Carbon Structures - Summary
2.3.9Nanoparticles
2.3.10Nanotechnology
2.3.11Surface Area to Volume Ratio & Nanotechnology Uses
2.3.12End of Topic Test - Chemical Bonding
2.3.13Grade 9 - Bonding & Structure
2.3.14Exam-Style Questions - Allotropes of Carbon
3Quantitative Chemistry
3.1Chemical Measurements
3.1.1Conservation of Mass
3.1.2Relative Formula Mass
3.1.3Relative Formula Mass - Calculations
3.1.4Measuring Mass
3.1.5Equations & Formula
3.1.6Moles 1
3.1.7Moles 2
3.1.8Moles 3
3.1.9Moles - Calculations
3.1.10Percentage Yield
3.1.11Percentage Yield - Calculations
3.1.12Moles & Yield
3.1.13Atom Economy
3.1.14Atom Economy - Calculations
3.1.15Concentrations & Amounts
3.1.16Amount of Substance in Relation to Volumes and Gas
3.1.17Concentrations & Amounts - Calculations
3.1.18Empirical Formula - Calculations
3.1.19End of Topic Test - Quant Chemistry
3.1.20Grade 9 - Quantitative Chemistry
3.1.21Exam-Style Questions - Moles
4Chemical Changes
4.1Acids, Alkalis & Redox Reactions
4.2Reactivity of Metals
4.3Reactions of Acids
5Energy Changes
5.1Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions
6The Rate & Extent of Chemical Change
6.1Rate of Reaction
7Organic Chemistry
7.1Carbon Compounds
7.2Alkenes & Alcohols
7.2.1Structure of Alkenes
7.2.2Reactions of Alkenes
7.2.3End of Topic Test - Alkanes & Alkenes
7.2.4Alcohols
7.2.5Reactions of Alcohols
7.2.6Carboxylic Acids
7.2.7Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
7.2.8Addition Polymers
7.2.9Condensation Polymers
7.2.10Naturally Occurring Polymers - Proteins
7.2.11Naturally Occurring Polymers - DNA & Sugars
7.2.12End of Topic Test - Alcohols, Acids & Polymers
7.2.13Grade 9 - Organic Chemistry
7.2.14Exam-Style Questions - Alcohols
8Chemical Analysis
8.1Purity, Formulations & Chromatography
8.2Identification of Common Gases
8.3Identifying Ions
8.3.1Flame Tests
8.3.2Required Practical: Flame Tests
8.3.3Metal Hydroxides
8.3.4Carbonates
8.3.5Halides, Sulfates
8.3.6Methodology for Chemical Analysis
8.3.7Flame Emission Spectroscopy
8.3.8End of Topic Test - Chemical Analysis
8.3.9Grade 9 - Chemical Analysis
8.3.10Exam-Style Questions - Identification of ions
9Chemistry of the Atmosphere
9.1The Earth's Atmosphere
9.1.1Proportions of Gases in the Atmosphere
9.1.2Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere
9.1.3Greenhouse Gases & Human Activities
9.1.4Greenhouse Gases & Human Activities
9.1.5Greenhouse Gases & Climate Change
9.1.6Carbon Footprints
9.1.7Common Atmospheric Pollutants & Their Properties
9.1.8End of Topic Test - The Earth
9.1.9Grade 9 - Chemistry of the Atmosphere
9.1.10Exam-Style Questions - Earth's Atmosphere
10Using Resources
10.1Using the Earth's Resources
10.2Life Cycle Assessments & Recycling
10.3Using Materials
10.4The Haber Process & NPK Fertilisers
Unlock your full potential with GoStudent tutoring
Affordable 1:1 tutoring from the comfort of your home
Tutors are matched to your specific learning needs
30+ school subjects covered