2.3.11

Surface Area to Volume Ratio & Nanotechnology Uses

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Nanoparticles - Surface Area to Volume Ratio

Nanoparticles have special properties because of their high surface area to volume ratio.

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Surface area to volume ratio

  • As particles get smaller, their surface area to volume ratio increases.
    • E.g. decreasing the length of a cube’s side by a factor of 100 increases its surface area to volume ratio by a factor of 100.
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Smaller amounts of nanoparticles are needed

  • This allows for smaller amounts of nanoparticles to be used for a desired purpose compared to using normal-sized particles.
  • This means that they are cheaper and more efficient to use.
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Changing the properties of a material

  • Using nanoparticles can also change the properties of the material completely.
    • E.g. ‘normal’ gold particles are extremely unreactive, but gold nanoparticles can be very efficient catalysts for many processes.

Uses of Nanoparticles

Nanoscience is an important area of research in chemistry. Currently, nanoparticles are used for:

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Catalysts

  • The very high surface area of nanoparticles means that there is a larger surface on which reactions can be catalysed (sped up).
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Medicine

  • Fullerene nanoparticles can be used to efficiently deliver drugs to a specific area of the body to target a disease.
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Electronics

  • Carbon nanotubes are used in new computer chips because of their good electrical conductivity.
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Cosmetics

  • Nanoparticles are so small that visible light passes through them, making them transparent.
    • E.g. white substances, like sun cream, can be made transparent by using nanoparticles.
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Deodorants

  • Nanoparticles can have antimicrobial properties.
  • These nanoparticles can be used to make deodorants more effective by killing bacteria that generate bad smells.

Jump to other topics

1Atomic Structure

2Chemical Bonding

3Quantitative Chemistry

4Chemical Changes

5Energy Changes

6The Rate & Extent of Chemical Change

7Organic Chemistry

8Chemical Analysis

9Chemistry of the Atmosphere

10Using Resources

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