Impact On Society 2

Changing Impact of World War Two on Youth

The Hitler Youth (HJ) began to assume a more important role during World War Two. In the last few days of the war in 1945, the HJ were defending Berlin against the Soviet Union.

The Hitler Youth 1939-1943

The HJ delivered draft notices and ration cards, collected scrap metal, clothes, kitchen scraps or were air raid wardens or helped anti-aircraft gunners.
HJ boys’ camps trained them for combat. By 1942 the SS was running 42 camps and by mid 1943 there were 7 run by the Waffen SS.

The Hitler Youth 1944-1945

In September 1944 all males 16-60 were conscripted into the Volkssturm (People's Army). In 1944, boys as young as 15 were sent to the Russian Front.
By 1945, boys as young as 14 and 15 were defending Berlin.
By spring 1944 there was a 10,000 strong HJ Panzer Division. By September 1944 only 600 were left after being sent into action in Normandy.
By April 1945 approximately 5,000 HJ held three strategic bridges in Berlin. After five days only 500 remained.

Illustrative background for BDM ?? "content

BDM

The BDM (League of German Maidens) worked in hospitals or helped in kindergartens and in large households. They served refreshments to army troops departing for the front.

Evacuation

From 1940 to 1945 the NSV (National Socialist People's Welfare) organised evacuation of 2.8 million children from cities to host families or one of 9,000 Nazi run KLV camps.
Resistance to evacuation was growing by 1943.
- Boberach (1990):
- In Hamburg in October 1943 the SD found only 2% of children had been evacuated.

Changing Impact of World War Two on Workers

Living standards for workers declined during Wold War Two.

Falling standard of living

During the war taxes were raised, wages were lowered and overtime payments were stopped.
This was necessary to sustain Germany’s war machine.
Living standards fell greatly, diets became monotonous.

War Economy Decree

In September 1939 the Nazis passed the War Economy Decree.
This made labour service compulsory and limited workers’ freedom of movement.

Education camps

Those not fulfilling output quotas were sent to Gestapo work education camps. So was anyone breaking their contract e.g. leaving jobs without permission.
It is estimated that 10% of German industrial workers spent time in education camps.

Labour shortages

Conscription led to labour shortages. Women were drafted into war-related work.
By 1943, the Nazis had not succeeded in drafting more than one million out of three million women to enter the workforce.

1The Weimar Republic 1918-1933

1.1Establishment Of The Weimar Republic 1918-1924

1.1.1Post WW1

1.1.2Weimar Constitution

1.1.3Peace Settlement

1.1.4End of Topic Test - Germany Post WW1

1.1.5Economic Issues

1.1.6Economic Issues 2

1.1.7Social Issues

1.1.8End of Topic Test - Economic & Social Issues

1.1.9Extremist Threats

1.1.10Extremist Threats 2

1.1.11End of Topic Test - Extremist Threats

1.1.12Political Instability & The Invasion of the Ruhr

1.1.13Weimar Government by 1924

1.1.14End of Topic Test - Weimar Government by 1924

1.1.15A-A* (AO3/4) - Germany Post WW1

1.2The 'Golden Age' Of The Weimar Republic 1924-1928

1.2.1Economic Developments

1.2.2Industry & Agriculture

1.2.3End of Topic Test - Economic Developments

1.2.4Social Developments

1.2.5Social Developments 2

1.2.6End of Topic Test - Social Developments

1.2.7Political Parties

1.2.8Political Stability

1.2.9End of Topic Test - Weimar Politics

1.2.10Germany's International Position

1.2.11Germany's International Position 2

1.2.12End of Topic Test - International Position

1.2.13A-A* (AO3/4) - The Weimar 'Golden Age'

1.3The Collapse of Democracy 1928-1933

1.3.1The Impact Of The Depression

1.3.2Politics After The Depression

1.3.3The Appeal Of Extremism

1.3.4End of Topic Test - The Depression & Politics

1.3.5'Backstairs Intrigue'

1.3.6'Backstairs Intrigue' 2

1.3.7End of Topic Test - Backstairs Intrigue

1.3.8Political Developments

1.3.9The State by March 1933

1.3.10End of Topic Test - Political Developments

1.3.11A-A* (AO3/4) - The Collapse of Democracy

2Nazi Germany 1933-1945

2.1The Nazi Dictatorship 1933-1939

2.1.1Hitler's Consolidation Of Power

2.1.2The Terror State

2.1.3End of Topic Test - Consolidation of Power

2.1.4Opposition

2.1.5Propaganda

2.1.6A-A* (AO3/4) - Terror State & Propaganda

2.1.7End of Topic Test - Propaganda

2.1.8Economic Policies

2.1.9Economic Policies 2

2.1.10Impact Of Economic Policies

2.1.11Impact Of Economic Policies 2

2.1.12End of Topic Test - Economic Policies

2.1.13Social Policies

2.1.14Social Policies 2

2.1.15Volksgemeinschaft

2.1.16End of Topic Test - Social Policies

2.1.17A-A* (AO3/4) - Economic & Social Policies

2.2The Racial State 1933-1941

2.2.1The Radicalisation Of The State

2.2.2Anti-Semitism

2.2.3Development Of Anti-Semitic Policies

2.2.4Development Of Anti-Semitic Policies 2

2.2.5End of Topic Test - Anti-Semitism

2.2.6Treatment of the Jews in the Early Years of War

2.2.7Deportation & Anti-Semitism Evaluation

2.2.8End of Topic Test - Early Treatment of the Jews

2.2.9A-A* (AO3/4) - The Racial State

2.3The Impact Of War 1939-1945

2.3.1Home Front

2.3.2Impact On Society

2.3.3Impact On Society 2

2.3.4End of Topic Test - Impact of the War

2.3.5War Economy

2.3.6War Economy 2

2.3.7Policies Towards The Jews & Untermenschen

2.3.8A-A* (AO3/4) - Impact of the War

2.3.9End of Topic Test - War Economy

2.3.10Opposition

2.3.11Opposition 2

2.3.12Nazi State by 1945

2.3.13End of Topic Test - Opposition

2.3.14A-A* (AO3/4) - Opposition & The State in 1945

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