2.2.2

Anti-Semitism

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Policies Towards the Jews

Anti-Semitism was central to Nazi ideology. A clear policy developed from 1935 onwards with the Nuremberg Laws.

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Early pressures

  • The leadership responded to pressures from below to keep it under control.
  • 1 April 1933: boycott of Jewish businesses and shops to channel unrest by SA and more radical Nazis wanting NSDAP’s 25 Points enacted.
  • Law for the Restoration of the Civil Service excluded Jews from the civil service.
  • 1935: Nuremberg Laws announced after pressure from Gauleiters and radical NSDAP members wanting 25 Points enacted, including Jews losing citizenship.
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1935 Nuremberg Laws

  • Law for Protection of German Blood and German Honour:
    • Mixed marriages and sexual relations between Jews and Aryans forbidden.
  • Reich Citizenship Law:
    • Deprived Jews of German citizenship.
  • Law for the Protection of Genetic Health:
    • ‘Certificates of fitness to marry’ required, including medical examination.
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Regime radicalisation 1936-1938

  • 1936: Himmler put in charge of Jewish emigration. This was the preferred policy of dealing with the ‘Jewish question’ at the time.
  • September 1937: Hitler made violent speech at Nuremberg attacking Jews. The regime begins to radicalise.
    • Schacht was against anti-Semitic measures due to economic consequences.
    • Goering was more influential in the economy from 1936 (Office of the Four Year Plan).

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1The Weimar Republic 1918-1933

2Nazi Germany 1933-1945

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