Political Instability & The Invasion of the Ruhr

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Chancellors in Early Weimar Germany

There were 11 German chancellors in six years. This indicates how much political instability there was in Germany.

Issues that affected chancellors

The chancellors were brought down by a number of issues. These included:
- Issues concerning Versailles.
- Collapsing coalitions.
- Political violence.
- Votes of no confidence.

Ebert and Schiedemann

Ebert was in office from November 1918 to February 1919.
- He resigned to become President.
Schiedemann was in office from February 1919 to June 1919.
- He resigned because he refused to agree to the Versailles Treaty.

Bauer and Müller

Bauer was in office from June 1919 to March 1920.
- He resigned after the Kapp Putsch.
Müller was in office from March 1920 to June 1920.
- He was replaced after the June elections.

Fehrenbach and Wirth

Ferenbach was in office from June 1920 to May 1921.
- His coalition collapsed over reparations.
Wirth was in office from May 1921 to November 1922.
- He resigned over Upper Silesia being given to Poland.

Cuno and Streseman

Cuno was in office from November 1922 to August 1923.
- The SPD (Social Democratic Party) took a vote of no confidence.
Stresemann was in office from August 1923 to November 1923.
- The SPD (Social Democratic Party) took a vote of no confidence.

Marx and Hans Luther

Marx was in office from November 1923 to January 1925.
- Two of his coalitions collapsed.
- Marx becomes minister President of Prussia.
Hans Luther was in office from January 1925 to May 1926.

Political Impact of the Ruhr Invasion

The Ruhr Invasion and the turmoil it caused exposed the vulnerability of the Weimar government.

Chancellors

In August 1923 there was a motion of no-confidence in Cuno’s handling of the crisis.
The president asked Gustav Stresemann to form a government.
When Stresemann ended passive resistance in the Ruhr that September, there was the Küstrin Putsch just outside Berlin.

Political unrest in 1923

There were waves of strikes across Germany.
The KPD and Comintern planned an uprising in Saxony, which had a joint SPD-KPD government.
On 20 October, German troops overthrew the government of Saxony.
On 23 October , a brief right wing uprising in Hamburg was violently suppressed.
On 8 and 9 November there was the Munich Putsch led by Hitler and Ludendorff.

1The Weimar Republic 1918-1933

1.1Establishment Of The Weimar Republic 1918-1924

1.1.1Post WW1

1.1.2Weimar Constitution

1.1.3Peace Settlement

1.1.4End of Topic Test - Germany Post WW1

1.1.5Economic Issues

1.1.6Economic Issues 2

1.1.7Social Issues

1.1.8End of Topic Test - Economic & Social Issues

1.1.9Extremist Threats

1.1.10Extremist Threats 2

1.1.11End of Topic Test - Extremist Threats

1.1.12Political Instability & The Invasion of the Ruhr

1.1.13Weimar Government by 1924

1.1.14End of Topic Test - Weimar Government by 1924

1.1.15A-A* (AO3/4) - Germany Post WW1

1.2The 'Golden Age' Of The Weimar Republic 1924-1928

1.2.1Economic Developments

1.2.2Industry & Agriculture

1.2.3End of Topic Test - Economic Developments

1.2.4Social Developments

1.2.5Social Developments 2

1.2.6End of Topic Test - Social Developments

1.2.7Political Parties

1.2.8Political Stability

1.2.9End of Topic Test - Weimar Politics

1.2.10Germany's International Position

1.2.11Germany's International Position 2

1.2.12End of Topic Test - International Position

1.2.13A-A* (AO3/4) - The Weimar 'Golden Age'

1.3The Collapse of Democracy 1928-1933

1.3.1The Impact Of The Depression

1.3.2Politics After The Depression

1.3.3The Appeal Of Extremism

1.3.4End of Topic Test - The Depression & Politics

1.3.5'Backstairs Intrigue'

1.3.6'Backstairs Intrigue' 2

1.3.7End of Topic Test - Backstairs Intrigue

1.3.8Political Developments

1.3.9The State by March 1933

1.3.10End of Topic Test - Political Developments

1.3.11A-A* (AO3/4) - The Collapse of Democracy

2Nazi Germany 1933-1945

2.1The Nazi Dictatorship 1933-1939

2.1.1Hitler's Consolidation Of Power

2.1.2The Terror State

2.1.3End of Topic Test - Consolidation of Power

2.1.4Opposition

2.1.5Propaganda

2.1.6A-A* (AO3/4) - Terror State & Propaganda

2.1.7End of Topic Test - Propaganda

2.1.8Economic Policies

2.1.9Economic Policies 2

2.1.10Impact Of Economic Policies

2.1.11Impact Of Economic Policies 2

2.1.12End of Topic Test - Economic Policies

2.1.13Social Policies

2.1.14Social Policies 2

2.1.15Volksgemeinschaft

2.1.16End of Topic Test - Social Policies

2.1.17A-A* (AO3/4) - Economic & Social Policies

2.2The Racial State 1933-1941

2.2.1The Radicalisation Of The State

2.2.2Anti-Semitism

2.2.3Development Of Anti-Semitic Policies

2.2.4Development Of Anti-Semitic Policies 2

2.2.5End of Topic Test - Anti-Semitism

2.2.6Treatment of the Jews in the Early Years of War

2.2.7Deportation & Anti-Semitism Evaluation

2.2.8End of Topic Test - Early Treatment of the Jews

2.2.9A-A* (AO3/4) - The Racial State

2.3The Impact Of War 1939-1945

2.3.1Home Front

2.3.2Impact On Society

2.3.3Impact On Society 2

2.3.4End of Topic Test - Impact of the War

2.3.5War Economy

2.3.6War Economy 2

2.3.7Policies Towards The Jews & Untermenschen

2.3.8A-A* (AO3/4) - Impact of the War

2.3.9End of Topic Test - War Economy

2.3.10Opposition

2.3.11Opposition 2

2.3.12Nazi State by 1945

2.3.13End of Topic Test - Opposition

2.3.14A-A* (AO3/4) - Opposition & The State in 1945

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