11.10.1

Derivatives

Test yourself

Derivatives

Derivatives are verbs that can be made from other verbs.

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They follow the same pattern

  • In Spanish, verbs that contain other verbs follow their conjugation.
    • E.g. 'desconocer' (to not know) comes from 'conocer' (to know).
  • In this example 'conocer' has an irregular conjugation pattern.
  • This means that 'desconocer' would follow the same pattern.
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Prefixes

  • In Spanish derivatives happen because of prefixes attached to verbs.
  • All Spanish prefixes are attached to the beginning of a verb.
  • These prefixes change the meaning but not how the verb is conjugated.
    • E.g. 'animar' means to encourage, ''desanimar' means to discourage.
    • E.g. I encourage would be 'animo' and I discourage would be 'desanimo'.
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Common prefixes

  • 'Mal' means bad, it gives a verb a negative meaning.
    • E.g. 'Maldecir' (to speak badly of).
  • 'Ben' means good, verbs have a positive meaning when used with 'ben'.
    • E.g. 'Bendecir' (to speak well of).
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Common prefixes

  • 'Des' means 'un', a verb has a negative meaning when combined with 'des'.
    • E.g. 'Desanimar' (to discourage).
  • 'Dis' means not, it helps to express opposites.
    • E.g. 'Disociar' (to dissociate).
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Prefixes

  • 'Pre' means before, if 'pre' is added with a verb, the verb gains the meaning of something done before.
    • E.g.'Preparar' (to prepare).
  • 'Ex' means out of, the verb gains a sense of pulling out.
    • E.g. 'Extraer' (to extract).
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Common prefixes

  • 'Con' by itself means with but with a verb means together.
    • E.g. 'Convivir' (to live together).
  • 'Com' is also used to add the meaning together or with to a verb.
    • E.g. 'Compartir' (to share.
  • 'Co' is the final prefix used with this meaning.
    • E.g. 'Coordinar' (to coordinate).
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Common prefixes

  • 'Inter' means among/between, the verb has a sense of putting oneself between something when combined with 'inter.
    • E.g. 'Intervenir' (to intervene).
  • 'Re' means again, the verb suggests that the action has been done before.
    • E.g. 'Rehacer' (to redo).
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Common prefixes

  • 'Sobre' can mean different things, but when added to a verb it normally means over.
    • E.g. 'Sobrevivir' (to overcome).
  • 'Sub' is the opposite to 'sobre', meaning under.
    • E.g. 'Subrayar' (to underline).
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Common prefixes

  • 'Contra' means against, verbs have a sense of going against something when using 'contra'.
    • E.g. 'Contradecir' (to contradict).
  • 'Uni' means one, it adds a uniting sense to verbs.
    • E.g. 'Unir' (to unite).
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Common prefixes

  • 'Equi' means equal. Verbs that use 'equi' have a sense of making things equal.
    • E.g. 'Equilibrar' (to balance).

Jump to other topics

1The Basics

1.1Pronouns

1.1.1Personal Pronouns

1.2Verbs

1.2.13 Types of Verbs

1.2.2The Infinitive

1.2.3Verbs Indicating Weather

1.3Nouns

1.3.1Noun Endings

1.3.2Other Noun Endings

1.4Adjectives

1.4.1Gender

1.4.2Position of Adjectives

1.5Abbreviations

1.5.1Common Abbreviations

2Everyday Activities

2.1Time Expressions

2.1.1Telling the Time

2.1.2Dates

2.1.3Time

2.1.4Time Expressions (1/3)

2.1.5Time Expressions (2/3)

2.1.6Time Expressions (3/3)

2.1.7Sometimes

2.1.8A While

2.1.9Days of the Week

2.1.10Months

2.1.11Seasons

2.2Food & Drink

2.2.1Meat

2.2.2Fish

2.2.3Other Food

2.2.4Fruit

2.2.5Vegetables

2.2.6Drinks

2.2.7Snacks

2.2.8Dairy

2.2.9More Food

2.2.10Food & Drinks: Adjectives

2.2.11Cutlery & Utensils

2.2.12Exam-Style Questions - Food

2.3The Human Body & Health

2.3.1The Head

2.3.2The Body (1/2)

2.3.3The Body (2/2)

2.3.4The Body: Verbs & Expressions

2.3.5Health

2.3.6Healthy Lifestyle

2.3.7Bad Lifestyles

2.3.8Illness

2.3.9Recovery

2.4Travel & Transport

2.4.1Holidays

2.4.2What Did You Do on Holiday?

2.4.3Opinions

2.4.4Transport

2.4.5Asking About Your Journey

2.4.6Making a Reservation

2.4.7Accomodation

2.4.8Tourism

2.4.9Directions

2.4.10Near, There

2.4.11Exam-Style Questions - Holidays

3Personal & Social Life

3.1Greetings

3.1.1Greetings (1/2)

3.1.2Greetings (2/2)

3.2Self, Family & Friends

3.2.1Age & Name

3.2.2To Have - 'Tener'

3.2.3Physical Appearance

3.2.4Appearance

3.2.5Physical Appearance 2

3.2.6Personality (1/2)

3.2.7Personality (2/2)

3.2.8Describing People

3.2.9Relationships

3.2.10Family

3.2.11Family Members

3.2.12Describing Family

3.2.13Talking About Your Family

3.2.14Friends (1/2)

3.2.15Friends (2/2)

3.2.16Important Verbs

3.2.17Role Model

3.2.18Favourite Games

3.2.19Invitations

3.2.20Describing Personality

3.3In The Home

3.3.1Home

3.3.2What is in Your House?

3.3.3Helping at Home

3.3.4Daily Routine (1/2)

3.3.5Daily Routine (2/2)

3.3.6Near Your Home

3.3.7Common Prepositions

3.3.8The Bathroom

3.3.9The Bathroom: Verbs & Expressions

3.3.10The Living Room

3.3.11The Kitchen

3.3.12The Bedroom

3.3.13House Chores

3.3.14The Garden

3.3.15Household Appliances

3.4Colours

3.4.1Colours

3.5Clothes & Accesories

3.5.1Clothes (1/2)

3.5.2Clothes (2/2)

3.5.3Accessories

3.6Leisure Time

3.6.1Music

3.6.2Cinema

3.6.3TV

3.6.4Sport

3.6.5What Sport Do You Do?

3.6.6Why Do You Play Sports?

3.6.7To Be in Fashion

3.6.8Eating Out

3.6.9Opinions

3.6.10What I Liked

4The World Around Us

4.1People & Places

4.1.1Continents

4.1.2Countries (1/2)

4.1.3Countries (2/2)

4.1.4Nationalities

4.1.5Compass Points

4.2The Natural World & The Environment

4.2.1Environment

4.2.2Exam-Style Questions - The Environment

4.2.3Good Weather

4.2.4Bad Weather

4.2.5The Natural Word

4.2.6Climate Change

4.2.7Animals

4.2.8Natural World - Verbs & Expressions

4.3Communications & Technology

4.3.1Mobile Technology

4.3.2Social Media

4.3.3Opinions on Social Media

4.3.4Positives of Social Media

4.3.5Negatives of Social Media

4.3.6Using our Devices

4.3.7Documents & Texts

4.4The Built Environment

4.4.1Shops (1/2)

4.4.2Shops (2/2)

4.4.3Places in Town (1/2)

4.4.4Places in Town (2/2)

4.4.5Your Town

4.4.6Town & Countryside

4.4.7Food Shopping

4.4.8How Much

4.4.9Money Matters

4.5Measurements

4.5.1Size & Weight

4.5.2Shapes & Measurements

4.6Materials

4.6.1Materials

5The World of Work

5.1Education

5.1.1School

5.1.2In The Classroom

5.1.3Subjects (1/2)

5.1.4Subjects (2/2)

5.1.5A Good Student

5.1.6My Studies

5.1.7Exam-Style Questions - A Good Student

5.1.8Life at School

5.1.9School Trips

5.1.10University (1/2)

5.1.11University (2/2)

5.1.12Future Study

5.1.13School Routine

5.1.14Study - Verbs & Expressions

5.2Work

5.2.1Types of Jobs (1/2)

5.2.2Types of Jobs (2/2)

5.2.3Work

5.2.4Ideal Job

5.2.5Languages

5.2.6Charity

5.2.7Charity Work

5.2.8The Workplace

6The International World

6.1Culture, Customs, Faiths & Celebrations

6.1.1Languages

6.1.2Customs & Festivals

6.1.3Customs

6.1.4Exam-Style Questions - Festivals

7Listening

7.1Time Expressions - Listening

7.1.1Time Expressions: Listening

7.2The Human Body & Health - Listening

7.2.1Healthy & Unhealthy Living: Listening

7.3Food & Drink - Listening

7.3.1Food & Drink: Listening

7.4Travel & Transport - Listening

7.4.1Tourism: Listening

7.4.2Tourism: Listening (Higher)

7.5Self, Family & Friends - Listening

7.5.1Family & Friends: Listening

7.5.2Family & Friends: Listening (Higher)

7.5.3Marriage & Partnerships: Listening

7.5.4Marriage & Partnerships: Listening (Higher)

7.6In the Home - Listening

7.6.1In the Home: Listening

7.7Colours - Listening

7.7.1Colours: Listening

7.8Clothes & Accesories - Listening

7.8.1Clothes & Accesories: Listening

7.9Leisure Time - Listening

7.9.1Music: Listening

7.9.2Music: Listening (Higher)

7.9.3Cinema & TV: Listening

7.9.4Cinema & TV: Listening (Higher)

7.9.5Food & Eating Out: Listening

7.9.6Food & Eating Out: Listening (Higher)

7.9.7Sport: Listening

7.9.8Sport: Listening (Higher)

7.10People & Places - Listening

7.10.1People & Places: Listening

7.11The Environment - Listening

7.11.1The Environment: Listening

7.12Communications & Technology - Listening

7.12.1Mobile Technology: Listening

7.12.2Mobile Technology: Listening (Higher)

7.12.3Social Media: Listening

7.12.4Social Media: Listening (Higher)

7.13The Built Environment - Listening

7.13.1My Neighbourhood: Listening

7.13.2My Neighbourhood: Listening (Higher)

7.14Measurements - Listening

7.14.1Measurements: Listening

7.15Materials - Listening

7.15.1Materials: Listening

7.16The World of Work - Listening

7.16.1Education: Listening

7.16.2Life at School: Listening

7.16.3Life at School: Listening (Higher)

7.16.4Education Post-16: Listening

7.16.5Jobs, Careers, & Ambition: Listening

7.16.6Jobs & Careers: Listening (Higher)

7.16.7Charity & Voluntary Work: Listening

7.16.8Charity: Listening

7.16.9Poverty & Homelessness: Listening

7.17Culture, Customs, Faith & Celebrations

7.17.1Day of the Dead: Listening

7.17.2Day of the Dead: Listening (Higher)

8Common Tenses

8.1Present Tense

8.1.1Present: Regular 'AR' Verbs

8.1.2Present: 5 Common 'AR' Verbs

8.1.3Present: Negative Verbs

8.1.4Present: Irregular 'AR' Verbs (1/3)

8.1.5Present: Irregular 'AR' Verbs (2/3)

8.1.6Present: Irregular 'AR' Verbs (3/3)

8.1.7Present: Regular 'ER' Verbs

8.1.8Present: 5 Common 'ER' Verbs

8.1.9Present: Irregular 'ER' Verbs (1/4)

8.1.10Present: Irregular 'ER' Verbs (2/4)

8.1.11Present: Irregular 'ER' Verbs (3/4)

8.1.12Present: Irregular 'ER' Verbs (4/4)

8.1.13Present: Regular 'IR' Verbs

8.1.14Present: 5 Common 'IR' Verbs

8.1.15Present: Irregular 'IR' Verbs (1)

8.1.16Present: Irregular 'IR' Verbs (2)

8.1.17Present: Irregular 'IR' Verbs (3)

8.1.18Present: Irregular 'IR' Verbs (4)

8.1.19Present: Irregular 'IR' Verbs (5)

8.1.20Present: Irregular 'IR' Verbs (6)

8.1.21Present: Irregular 'IR' Verbs (7)

8.1.22Present: Irregular 'IR' Verbs (8)

8.1.23Verb Phrases: Expressing Opinion

8.1.24Present: Set Expressions

8.1.25The Use of 'Se'

8.2Preterite Tense

8.2.1Preterite: Regular 'AR' Verbs

8.2.2Preterite: 5 Common 'AR' Verbs

8.2.3Preterite: Irregular 'AR' Verbs (1/3)

8.2.4Preterite: Irregular 'AR' Verbs (2/3)

8.2.5Preterite: Irregular 'AR' Verbs (3/3)

8.2.6Preterite: Regular 'ER' Verbs (1/2)

8.2.7Preterite: Regular 'ER' Verbs (2/2)

8.2.8Preterite: Irregular 'ER' Verbs

8.2.9Preterite: Irregular 'ER' Verbs: 'Ser'

8.2.10Preterite: Irregular 'ER' Verbs: 'Tener'

8.2.11Preterite: Irregular 'ER' Verbs: 'Ver'

8.2.12Preterite: Irregular 'ER' Verbs (1/3)

8.2.13Preterite: Irregular 'ER' Verbs (2/3)

8.2.14Preterite: Irregular 'ER' Verbs (3/3)

8.2.15Preterite: Regular 'IR' Verbs

8.2.16Preterite: 5 Common 'IR' Verbs

8.2.17Preterite: Irregular 'IR' Verbs (1/4)

8.2.18Preterite: Irregular 'IR' Verbs (2/4)

8.2.19Preterite: Irregular 'IR' Verbs (3/4)

8.2.20Preterite: Irregular 'IR' Verbs

8.2.21Preterite: Irregular 'IR' Verbs - Decir

8.2.22Preterite: Irregular 'IR' Verbs - Venir

8.2.23Preterite: Irregular 'IR' Verbs - Ir

8.3Imperfect Tense

8.3.1Regular 'AR' Verbs in the Imperfect

8.3.2Regular 'ER' Verbs in the Imperfect

8.3.3Regular 'IR' Verbs in the Imperfect

8.3.4Imperfect: To Be - 'Ser'

8.3.5Imperfect: To Go - 'Ir'

8.3.6Imperfect: To See - 'Ver'

8.4Preterite vs Imperfect Tenses

8.4.1Uses of the Preterite

8.4.2Uses of the Imperfect

8.4.3Preterite vs Imperfect

8.5Future Tense

8.5.1The Future with 'Ir'

8.5.2The Future with 'Ir': Uses

9Important Verbs

9.1To Be - 'Ser' & 'Estar'

9.1.1Conjugation: 'Ser'

9.1.2Uses of 'Ser' (1/2)

9.1.3Uses of 'Ser' (2/2)

9.1.4Expressions Using 'Ser'

9.1.5Conjugation: 'Estar'

9.1.6Uses of 'Estar'

9.1.7Expressions Using 'Estar'

9.1.8General Expressions Using 'Estar' (1/2)

9.1.9General Expressions Using 'Estar' (2/2)

9.1.10'Ser' or 'Estar'

9.1.11To Be - 'Ser' - Imperfect

9.2To Like - 'Gustar'

9.2.1How to Use 'Gustar'

9.2.2Similar Verbs to 'Gustar'

9.3To Have - 'Tener'

9.3.1Conjugation: 'Tener'

9.3.2Uses of 'Tener'

9.3.3Phrases Using 'Tener' (1/2)

9.3.4Phrases Using 'Tener' (2/2)

10Advanced Tenses

10.1Future

10.1.1Future: Regular Verbs: 'AR' Verbs

10.1.2Future: Regular Verbs: 'ER' Verbs

10.1.3Future: Regular Verbs: 'IR' Verbs

10.1.4Uses of the Simple Future

10.1.5Future: Irregular Verbs (1/2)

10.1.6Future: Irregular Verbs (2/2)

10.1.7Future: Irregular Verbs: 'Hacer'

10.1.8Future: Irregular Verbs: 'Decir'

10.2Conditional

10.2.1Conditional: Regular 'AR' Verbs

10.2.2Conditional: Regular 'ER' Verbs

10.2.3Conditional: Regular 'IR' Verbs

10.2.4Conditional: 'Hacer'

10.2.5Conditional: 'Decir'

10.2.6Irregular Verbs: Deleting an 'E' before the ‘R'

10.2.7Irregular Verbs: Adding 'DR' to the Stem

10.2.8Irregular Verbs: Adding an 'R' to the Stem

10.2.9Uses of the Conditional

10.3Continuous Tenses

10.3.1'AR', 'ER' & 'IR' Gerunds

10.3.2Changes to the Gerund

10.3.3Changes to the Stem

10.3.4Present Continuous - Regular Gerunds

10.3.5Present Continuous - Irregular Gerunds

10.3.6Uses of the Present Continuous

10.3.7Imperfect Continuous - Regular Gerunds

10.3.8Imperfect Continuous - Irregular Gerunds

10.4Perfect Tense

10.4.1'AR', 'ER' & 'IR' Past Participles

10.4.2Irregular Past Participles (1/2)

10.4.3Irregular Past Participles (2/2)

10.4.4Present Perfect

10.4.5Irregular Present Perfect

10.4.6Uses of the Present Perfect

10.4.7Pluperfect

10.4.8Irregular Pluperfect

10.5Passive

10.5.1Forming the Passive with 'Se'

10.5.2Forming the Passive Voice with 'Ser'

10.6Present Subjunctive

10.6.1Present Subjunctive: Regular 'AR' Verbs

10.6.2Present Subjunctive: Regular 'ER' Verbs

10.6.3Present Subjunctive: Regular 'IR' Verbs

10.6.4Irregular 'AR' Verbs: Radical Changing 'AR' Stems

10.6.5Irregular 'AR' Verbs: Spelling Changes 'GAR'-'GU'

10.6.6Irregular 'AR' Verbs: Spelling Changes 'CAR'-'QU'

10.6.7Irregular 'AR' Verbs: Spelling Changes 'ZAR'-'C'

10.6.8Irregular 'AR' Verbs: 'Estar'

10.6.9Irregular 'AR' Verbs: 'Dar'

10.6.10Irregular 'ER' Verbs: Radical Changing Stems

10.6.11Irregular 'ER' Subjunctive

10.6.12Irregular ER Verbs: Spelling Changes 'GER'-'J'

10.6.13Irregular 'ER' Verbs: No Pattern

10.6.14Irregular 'IR' Verbs: Radical Changing Stems

10.6.15Irregular 'IR' Verbs: Adding a 'G'

10.6.16Irregular 'IR' Verbs: Verbs Ending in 'ducir'

10.6.17Irregular 'IR' Verbs: Verbs Ending in 'uir'

10.6.18Irregular 'IR' Verbs: Spelling Changes 'GIR'-'J'

10.6.19Irregular 'IR' Verbs: Spelling Changes 'GUIR'-'G'

10.6.20Irregular 'IR' Verbs: 'Ir'

10.6.21Subjunctive Uses (1/2)

10.6.22Subjunctive Uses (2/2)

10.7Imperfect Subjunctive

10.7.1Imperfect Subjunctive: 'AR' Verbs

10.7.2Imperfect Subjunctive: Irregular 'AR'

10.7.3Imperfect Subjunctive: Regular 'ER'

10.7.4Imperfect Subjunctive: Irregular 'ER'

10.7.5'ER' Verbs : Strong Preterites

10.7.6Imperfect Subjunctive: 'IR' Verbs

10.7.7Imperfect Subjunctive: Irregular 'IR'

10.7.8'IR' Verbs: 'Strong Preterites'

10.8Imperative

10.8.1Positive Imperative

10.8.2Negative Imperative

10.8.3Irregular Imperatives

11Extra Grammar

11.1Articles

11.1.1Definite Article

11.1.2Uses of the Definite Article

11.1.3Indefinite Article

11.1.4Uses of the Indefinite Article

11.1.5Lo + Adjective

11.2Negatives

11.2.1Negatives (1/2)

11.2.2Negatives (2/2)

11.2.3Just the 'Nada' Bit

11.3Nouns

11.3.1Gender of Nouns for People & Animals

11.3.2Nouns that Stay the Same

11.3.3Nouns that Only Take One Article

11.3.4Masculine vs Feminine Nouns

11.3.5Masculine Exceptions

11.3.6Feminine Exceptions

11.3.7Noun Endings that Are Usually Feminine

11.3.8Noun Endings that Are Usually Masculine

11.3.9Masculine Nouns

11.3.10Masculine and Feminine Nouns: Different Meanings

11.3.11Plural: Nouns that End in a Vowel

11.3.12Plural: Nouns that End in a Consonant

11.4Asking Questions

11.4.1Asking Questions Without Question Words

11.4.2Question Words (1/2)

11.4.3Question Words (2/2)

11.4.4Common Questions (1/2)

11.4.5Common Questions (2/2)

11.5Adjectives

11.5.1Adjectives that Change Endings

11.5.2Adjectives that Remain the Same

11.5.3Adjectives: 'Grande' and 'Bueno'

11.5.4Plural: Ending in a Consonant

11.5.5Plural: Ending in a Vowel

11.5.6Superlative: The Best, The Worst

11.5.7Adjectives Ending in '-ísimo/ísima'

11.5.8This, These, That and Those

11.5.9Possession: Before a Noun

11.5.10Possesion: After a Noun

11.5.11Possesion: Whose

11.5.12Indefinites (1/2)

11.5.13Indefinites (2/2)

11.6Adverbs

11.6.1Adverbs with '-mente'

11.6.2Adverbs of Degree & Manner

11.6.3Common Phrases with Adverbs: Quantity

11.6.4Common Phrases with Adverbs: Place

11.6.5Common Phrases with Adverbs: Time

11.6.6Common Phrases with Adverbs: Frequency

11.6.7Adverbs: Still & Yet

11.6.8Adverbs: No

11.6.9Adverbial Phrases

11.6.10Adverbs Ending in '-ísimo/ísima'

11.7Conjunctions

11.7.1What are Conjunctions?

11.7.2Some Common Conjunctions

11.7.3Connectors

11.8Pronouns

11.8.1Demonstrative Pronouns

11.8.2Possessive Pronouns

11.8.3Indefinites: 'Algo' & 'Alguien'

11.8.4Indefinites: 'Alguno' & 'Cualquiera'

11.8.5Reflexive Pronouns

11.8.6Direct Object

11.8.7Direct Object: Position

11.8.8Indirect Object

11.8.9Pronouns After Prepositions (1/2)

11.8.10Pronouns After Prepositions (2/2)

11.8.11Relative Pronouns: 'Que' & 'Quien'

11.8.12Relative Pronouns: 'El Que' & 'El Cual'

11.8.13Relative Pronouns: 'Lo Que' & 'Lo Cual'

11.9Prepositions

11.9.1By, With, From, Of

11.9.2'A' & 'De'

11.9.3For - 'Para'

11.9.4For - 'Por'

11.9.5'Desde Hace' with Present & Imperfect

11.10Verbs

11.10.1Derivatives

11.10.25 Common 'AR' Derivatives

11.10.35 Common 'ER' Derivatives

11.10.45 Common 'IR' Derivatives

11.10.5Reflexives Verbs

11.10.66 Common Reflexive 'AR' Verbs

11.10.76 Common Reflexive 'ER' Verbs

11.10.86 Common Reflexive 'IR' Verbs

11.11Comparisons & Superlative

11.11.1Adjectives for Comparing Things

11.11.2Adjectives that Change for Comparing

11.11.3Comparing with Adverbs

11.11.4Superlative

11.12Numbers, Expressions of Quantity, Dates & Times

11.12.1Set Expressions

11.12.2Numbers (1-20)

11.12.3Numbers (11-20)

11.12.4Numbers (21 - 100)

11.12.5Numbers (30-100)

11.12.6Parties

11.12.7Ordinal Numbers & Fractions

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'Desde Hace' with Present & Imperfect

5 Common 'AR' Derivatives