3.1.1

Internal Sources of Finance

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Internal Sources of Finance

Internal sources of finance describe the money that is created or raised within a business. The business doesn’t need any other stakeholder to get access to this money.

Retained profit

Retained profit

This is the profit that the business has effectively saved whilst it has been operating (running).
Retained profit is a cheap source of finance because a business does not have to pay any interest.
Retained profit is limited. A business can only spend profits that have been saved.
Retained profit may not be high enough to fund big, long-term projects.

Selling assets

Selling assets

A business can sell its assets to raise cash. For example, a business can sell buildings or machinery that they do not use.
They are usually a cheap source of finance because the business does not have to pay interest.
However, selling assets can harm a business’ operations.

Personal savings

Personal savings

This is personal money that is invested by the owner of a business.
It is most relevant for start-up businesses, in which the entrepreneur has saved up to fund his/her business venture.
A downside is that it can be very risky for an entrepreneur to put a significant amount of their personal savings into a business. They may not be able to afford this.

1

Business Organisation & Environment

1.1

Introduction to Business Management

1.1.1Why Businesses Exist & Sectors

1.2

Types of Organisation

1.2.1Sole Traders 1.2.2Limited Liability 1.2.3Non-Profit 1.2.4Franchising 1.2.5End of Topic Test - Franchising

1.3

Organisational Objectives

1.3.1External Environments 1.3.2Business Mission & Corporate Objective 1.3.3Mission, Corporate Objectives & Strategy 1.3.4SWOT Analysis 1.3.5End of Topic Test - SWOT Analysis

1.4

Stakeholders

1.4.1Stakeholders

1.5

External Environment

1.5.1Social & Technological Environment 1.5.2Lifestyle & Technological Environment 1.5.3Corporate Social Responsibility 1.5.4Economic Environment 1.5.5Political & Legal Change

1.6

Growth & Evolution

1.6.1Growth & Retrenchment 1.6.2Challenges of Growth 1.6.3Growth Models 1.6.4End of Topic Test - Diseconomies of Scale 1.6.5Internationalisation 1.6.6Sourcing Resources & Entering Markets 1.6.7End of Topic Test - Internationalisation 1.6.8Managing Internationalisation 1.6.9Impact of Internationalisation

1.7

HL Only: Organisational Planning Tools

1.7.1Organisational Planning Tools

2

Human Resource Management

2.1

Functions & Evolution of Human Resource Management

2.1.1Setting Human Resource Objectives 2.1.2Human Resource Management 2.1.3Labour Turnover & Retention 2.1.4Labour Productivity

2.2

Organisational Structure

2.2.1Organisational Structures

2.3

Leadership & Management

2.3.1Managers 2.3.2Management Theories 2.3.3End of Topic Test - Management

2.4

Motivation

2.4.1Motivating & Engaging Employees 2.4.2Taylor's Theory 2.4.3Maslow's Theory 2.4.4Herzberg's Theory 2.4.5Different Incentives 2.4.6Evaluating Incentives

2.5

Organisational (Corporate) Culture

2.5.1Managing Organisational Culture 2.5.2Organisational Structures

2.6

HL Only: Industrial/Employee Relations

2.6.1Improving Employer-Employee Relations 2.6.2Case Study - The Winter of Discontent

3

Finance & Accounts

3.1

Sources of Finance

3.1.1Internal Sources of Finance 3.1.2External Sources of Finance 3.1.3Factors for Financing 3.1.4End of Topic Test - Debt

3.2

Costs & Revenues

3.2.1Costs & Revenues

3.3

Break-Even Analysis

3.3.1Profit 3.3.2Break-Even Analysis

3.4

Profitability & Liquidity Ratio Analysis

3.4.1Profitability Analysis

3.5

Cash Flow

3.5.1Cash Flow 3.5.2Solutions to Cash Flow Problems 3.5.3Improving Cash Flow & Profits

3.6

HL Only: Investment Appraisal

3.6.1Investment Appraisal

3.7

HL Only: Budgets

3.7.1Cash-Flow & Budgets

4

Marketing

4.1

The Role of Marketing

4.1.1Setting Marketing Objectives 4.1.2Market Calculations

4.2

Marketing Planning

4.2.1Marketing Mix 4.2.2Segmentation 4.2.3Niche & Mass Markets

4.3

Market Research

4.3.1Market Research 4.3.2Market Mapping 4.3.3Methods of Market Research

4.4

The 4 Ps

4.4.1Product Decisions 4.4.2Pricing Decisions & Price Skimming 4.4.3Pricing Decisions & Price Penetration 4.4.4End of Topic Test - Pricing & Competition 4.4.5Promotional Decisions 4.4.6Promotional Decisions 2 4.4.7Promotional Decisions 3 4.4.8Digital Marketing 4.4.9Evaluating Digital Marketing 4.4.10Case Study - The Marketing Mix & Promotion 4.4.11Place & Distribution

4.5

HL Only: The Extended Marketing Mix

4.5.1The Extended Marketing Mix

4.6

HL Only: International Marketing

4.6.1International Marketing

4.7

E-Commerce

4.7.1E-Commerce

5

Operations Management

5.1

The Role of Operations Management

5.1.1Setting Operational Objectives

5.2

Production Methods

5.2.1Production Processes Overview 5.2.2Production Processes 5.2.3Production Efficiency 5.2.4Technology & Production

5.3

HL Only: Lean Prodution & Quality Management

5.3.1Importance of Quality 5.3.2Measuring & Identifying Quality 5.3.3Total Quality Management 5.3.4Evaluating Total Quality Management 5.3.5Case Study - Toyota Production System

5.4

HL Only: Production Planning

5.4.1Capacity 5.4.2Productivity & Efficiency 5.4.3Technology & Efficiency 5.4.4Improving the Supply Chain 5.4.5Inventory 5.4.6Outsourcing

5.5

HL Only: Research & Development

5.5.1Organisational Planning Tools

Jump to other topics

1

Business Organisation & Environment

1.1

Introduction to Business Management

1.1.1Why Businesses Exist & Sectors

1.2

Types of Organisation

1.2.1Sole Traders 1.2.2Limited Liability 1.2.3Non-Profit 1.2.4Franchising 1.2.5End of Topic Test - Franchising

1.3

Organisational Objectives

1.3.1External Environments 1.3.2Business Mission & Corporate Objective 1.3.3Mission, Corporate Objectives & Strategy 1.3.4SWOT Analysis 1.3.5End of Topic Test - SWOT Analysis

1.4

Stakeholders

1.4.1Stakeholders

1.5

External Environment

1.5.1Social & Technological Environment 1.5.2Lifestyle & Technological Environment 1.5.3Corporate Social Responsibility 1.5.4Economic Environment 1.5.5Political & Legal Change

1.6

Growth & Evolution

1.6.1Growth & Retrenchment 1.6.2Challenges of Growth 1.6.3Growth Models 1.6.4End of Topic Test - Diseconomies of Scale 1.6.5Internationalisation 1.6.6Sourcing Resources & Entering Markets 1.6.7End of Topic Test - Internationalisation 1.6.8Managing Internationalisation 1.6.9Impact of Internationalisation

1.7

HL Only: Organisational Planning Tools

1.7.1Organisational Planning Tools

2

Human Resource Management

2.1

Functions & Evolution of Human Resource Management

2.1.1Setting Human Resource Objectives 2.1.2Human Resource Management 2.1.3Labour Turnover & Retention 2.1.4Labour Productivity

2.2

Organisational Structure

2.2.1Organisational Structures

2.3

Leadership & Management

2.3.1Managers 2.3.2Management Theories 2.3.3End of Topic Test - Management

2.4

Motivation

2.4.1Motivating & Engaging Employees 2.4.2Taylor's Theory 2.4.3Maslow's Theory 2.4.4Herzberg's Theory 2.4.5Different Incentives 2.4.6Evaluating Incentives

2.5

Organisational (Corporate) Culture

2.5.1Managing Organisational Culture 2.5.2Organisational Structures

2.6

HL Only: Industrial/Employee Relations

2.6.1Improving Employer-Employee Relations 2.6.2Case Study - The Winter of Discontent

3

Finance & Accounts

3.1

Sources of Finance

3.1.1Internal Sources of Finance 3.1.2External Sources of Finance 3.1.3Factors for Financing 3.1.4End of Topic Test - Debt

3.2

Costs & Revenues

3.2.1Costs & Revenues

3.3

Break-Even Analysis

3.3.1Profit 3.3.2Break-Even Analysis

3.4

Profitability & Liquidity Ratio Analysis

3.4.1Profitability Analysis

3.5

Cash Flow

3.5.1Cash Flow 3.5.2Solutions to Cash Flow Problems 3.5.3Improving Cash Flow & Profits

3.6

HL Only: Investment Appraisal

3.6.1Investment Appraisal

3.7

HL Only: Budgets

3.7.1Cash-Flow & Budgets

4

Marketing

4.1

The Role of Marketing

4.1.1Setting Marketing Objectives 4.1.2Market Calculations

4.2

Marketing Planning

4.2.1Marketing Mix 4.2.2Segmentation 4.2.3Niche & Mass Markets

4.3

Market Research

4.3.1Market Research 4.3.2Market Mapping 4.3.3Methods of Market Research

4.4

The 4 Ps

4.4.1Product Decisions 4.4.2Pricing Decisions & Price Skimming 4.4.3Pricing Decisions & Price Penetration 4.4.4End of Topic Test - Pricing & Competition 4.4.5Promotional Decisions 4.4.6Promotional Decisions 2 4.4.7Promotional Decisions 3 4.4.8Digital Marketing 4.4.9Evaluating Digital Marketing 4.4.10Case Study - The Marketing Mix & Promotion 4.4.11Place & Distribution

4.5

HL Only: The Extended Marketing Mix

4.5.1The Extended Marketing Mix

4.6

HL Only: International Marketing

4.6.1International Marketing

4.7

E-Commerce

4.7.1E-Commerce

5

Operations Management

5.1

The Role of Operations Management

5.1.1Setting Operational Objectives

5.2

Production Methods

5.2.1Production Processes Overview 5.2.2Production Processes 5.2.3Production Efficiency 5.2.4Technology & Production

5.3

HL Only: Lean Prodution & Quality Management

5.3.1Importance of Quality 5.3.2Measuring & Identifying Quality 5.3.3Total Quality Management 5.3.4Evaluating Total Quality Management 5.3.5Case Study - Toyota Production System

5.4

HL Only: Production Planning

5.4.1Capacity 5.4.2Productivity & Efficiency 5.4.3Technology & Efficiency 5.4.4Improving the Supply Chain 5.4.5Inventory 5.4.6Outsourcing

5.5

HL Only: Research & Development

5.5.1Organisational Planning Tools

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Case Study - The Winter of Discontent

External Sources of Finance