Density 2

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Density and the Particle Model

Differences in the density of solids, liquids and gases can be explained using the particle model of matter.

Solids

Solids are the most dense state of matter.
The particles are packed tightly together.

Liquids

Liquids are less dense than solids but more dense than gases.
The particles in liquids can move around each other.

Gases

Gases are the least dense state of matter.
The particles are free to move with negligible (tiny) forces between particles.

Calculating Density

To find out the density (density=mass/volume) of an object, we measure its mass and volume. We can measure the mass of an object using a balance (scales). We can calculate the density of:

Liquids

For measuring the density of liquids, place a measuring cylinder on a balance and set the reading to zero.
Pour the liquid into the cylinder and write down its mass and volume. Then calculate the density.

Irregularly shaped solids

For solids, we can use the Law of Displacement to estimate its volume.
This is done using a displacement can, or a graduated measuring cylinder.
The volume of displaced water is measured, and this is the volume of the object.

1Biology

1.1Practicals

1.1.1Microscope & Bacteria

1.1.2Bacteria

1.1.3Osmosis Tests

1.1.4Osmosis & Food Tests

1.1.5Enzymes

1.1.6Enzymes 2

1.1.7Photosynthesis & Plant Responses

1.1.8Photosynthesis Experiments

1.1.9Reaction Time

1.1.10Quadrats

1.1.11Decay

2Chemistry

2.1Practicals

2.1.1Salts

2.1.2Neutralisation

2.1.3Titration

2.1.4Electrolysis

2.1.5Electrolysis 2

2.1.6Rate of Reaction

2.1.7Rate of Reaction 2

2.1.8Chromatography

2.1.9Identifying Gases

2.1.10Identifying Gases 2

2.1.11Identifying Ions

2.1.12Carbonates, Halides & Sulfates

2.1.13Flame Emission Spectroscopy

2.1.14Water Purification

2.1.15Water Purification 2

3Physics

3.1Practicals

3.1.1Specific Heat Capacity

3.1.2Thermal Capacity & Insulation

3.1.3Latent Heat

3.1.4Resistance & Current

3.1.5Resistance & Current 2

3.1.6Density

3.1.7Density 2

3.1.8Force & Extension - Springs

3.1.9Waves - Ripple Tank

3.1.10Light

3.1.11Light Reflection & Refraction

3.1.12Radiation

3.1.13Radiation 2

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