2.1.12

Carbonates, Halides & Sulfates

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Reactions of Carbonates

When carbonates react with dilute acids, the following products are formed:

Testing for Halides

Halide ions are negatively charged (they are anions). There are 2 steps to halide testing:

Add dilute nitric acid

Add dilute nitric acid

  • Add dilute nitric acid to an unknown solution.
    • This removes carbonate ions. These could disrupt test results by forming a precipitate with the silver ions added in step 2.
Add silver nitrate

Add silver nitrate

  • Add silver nitrate to the same solution.
    • If halide ions are present, they will form a precipitate with the silver ions:
      • Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s) (silver chloride is white).
      • Ag+(aq) + Br-(aq) → AgBr(s) (silver bromide is cream).
      • Ag+(aq) + I-(aq) → AgI(s) (silver iodide is pale yellow).

Testing for Sulfates

Sulfates are compounds that contain SO42- ions. There are 2 steps to sulfate testing:

Add dilute hydrochloric acid

Add dilute hydrochloric acid

  • Add dilute hydrochloric acid to an unknown solution.
    • This removes carbonate ions. These could disrupt test results by forming a precipitate with the barium ions added in step 2.
Add barium chloride

Add barium chloride

  • Add barium chloride to the same solution.
    • If sulfates are present, the white precipitate barium sulfate will form:
      • Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) → BaSO4(s)
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Practice questions on Carbonates, Halides & Sulfates

Can you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.

  1. 1
    How could you confirm that carbonates produce carbon dioxide when they react with dilute acids?Flashcard
  2. 2
    What charge do anions carry?Multiple choice
  3. 3
    What ions do carbonates contain?Multiple choice
  4. 4
    What colour are the following halide precipitates?True / false
  5. 5
    Which of the following are involved in testing for halides?True / false
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Identifying Ions

Flame Emission Spectroscopy