4.2.2
New Treatments in the 20th Century
Alternative Treatments in the 20th Century
Alternative Treatments in the 20th Century
Alternative therapies became increasingly popular in the last few decades of the 20th century in Britain. These treatments are not scientifically proven and are often not effective at all.
Little evidence for alternative treatments
Little evidence for alternative treatments
- William Farr’s collection of medical statistics helped Dr Snow discover the cause of cholera outbreaks and Hippocrates, Galen and Hunter all supported scientific observation of patients to find the best treatment.
- Most alternative therapies are not backed up by statistics, observation or scientific research.
Different to medieval times
Different to medieval times
- Culturally, alternative medicine is different in the modern day because it is not mainstream or accepted practice.
- This is the opposite of medicine in the medieval era which was dominated by medicine from apothecaries etc.
Alternative treatments on the NHS
Alternative treatments on the NHS
- Alternative treatments today generally use natural herbs/plants or theories about the body to relieve pain and illness.
- Some of these treatments are more accepted and are available on the NHS.
- For example, acupuncture (put needles in certain points of someone’s body) and homeopathy (treating people with weak solutions made of natural substances).
Prevention vs treatment
Prevention vs treatment
- There has been a trend towards ‘positive health’. This means that people focus on the prevention of disease and illness rather than curing it. This means a focus on prevention rather than cures.
- People are now more concerned with a healthy diet and regular exercise.
- This has been accompanied by a rise in screening, which checks people to make sure they are healthy and catches early signs of disease.
Transplant Surgery in the 20th Century
Transplant Surgery in the 20th Century
Technological developments have allowed us to do transplants of organs and other body parts from one person to another.
Organ transplants
Organ transplants
- In 1952, surgeons successfully performed an organ (kidney) transplant. The first organ transplant in Britain was in 1960.
- In 1967, a South African surgeon called Christian Barnard successfully performed a heart transplant for the first time (but the patient only lived 2.5 weeks). The first heart transplant in Britain was in 1968.
- In 1986, a British woman called Davina Thompson becomes the first patient to successfully receive a heart, lung and liver transplant.
Accepting transplant organs
Accepting transplant organs
- Transplanted organs were often “rejected” by the body because the body’s immune system recognised that the body parts were not from that person.
- Immunosuppressant drugs can stop the body from rejecting transplanted organs.
- In 1970, a British scientist called Roy Caine developed a drug (immunosuppressant) which stopped the body rejecting transplanted organs. This was called cyclosporine.
Face transplants
Face transplants
- In 2006, the first partial face transplant was successfully performed.
- In 2008, the first full face transplant was successfully performed.
Cancer Treatment in the 20th Century
Cancer Treatment in the 20th Century
Cancer is a disease where cells mutate and grow very quickly. These cells spread around the body and can kill people.
Origins of cancer treatment
Origins of cancer treatment
- Henri Becquerel and Marie Curie discovered radiation in 1898.
- Since then, radiotherapy has been used to kill cancer cells. Radiotherapy targets cancer cells using gamma rays and X-rays.
Early cancer treatments
Early cancer treatments
- In World War 2, doctors found that some drugs could treat cancer. This is called chemotherapy.
- Some drugs like folic acid can stop cancer cells from growing.
Recent cancer treatments
Recent cancer treatments
- The latest treatments of cancer are called immuno-oncology.
- They involve using the body's immune system to attack cancer cells.
- White blood cells called T cells can target and kill the cancer cells.
1Medicine in Medieval England
1.1Ideas about the Cause of Disease & Illness
1.2Approaches to Prevention & Treatment
2The Medical Renaissance in England
2.1Ideas about the Cause of Disease & Illness
2.2Approaches to Prevention & Treatment
3Medicine in 18th & 19th Century Britain
3.1Ideas about the Cause of Disease & Illness
3.2Approaches to Prevention & Treatment
4Medicine in Modern Britain
4.1Modern Understanding of Disease
4.2Approaches to Prevention & Treatment
5Treatment in WW1
6Themes in Medicine
7Some Extra Context (Not Compulsory for Exam)
7.1Medieval Medicine
Jump to other topics
1Medicine in Medieval England
1.1Ideas about the Cause of Disease & Illness
1.2Approaches to Prevention & Treatment
2The Medical Renaissance in England
2.1Ideas about the Cause of Disease & Illness
2.2Approaches to Prevention & Treatment
3Medicine in 18th & 19th Century Britain
3.1Ideas about the Cause of Disease & Illness
3.2Approaches to Prevention & Treatment
4Medicine in Modern Britain
4.1Modern Understanding of Disease
4.2Approaches to Prevention & Treatment
5Treatment in WW1
6Themes in Medicine
7Some Extra Context (Not Compulsory for Exam)
7.1Medieval Medicine
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