6.1.2
Food Sources - Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically Modified Crops
Genetically modified (GM) foods have desirable characteristics because of gene modifications.
![Illustrative background for GM plants and crops](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/5bca3a7a-e9e2-41e6-9fe1-cc0b796e8c7b/shutterstock_276606776,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
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GM plants and crops
GM plants and crops
- To make GM plants, we take a desirable gene from one plant/animal/bacterium and place it into another plant.
- GM crops grow from GM seeds.
![Illustrative background for Examples](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/ff2f74df-8e08-4bbc-b9e7-7e5c517efbdd/shutterstock_1047663316,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
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Examples
Examples
- GM soybeans that are resistant to weed-killers like Roundup.
- GM cotton and maize that is toxic to some pests. Farmers can get a higher yield if pests eat less of the crop.
![Illustrative background for Locations](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/6b432ad7-4897-47fc-a8fa-08f25ef9c7a2/shutterstock_299275802,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
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Locations
Locations
- The UK does not crop GM crops.
- The USA, Brazil, Argentina, India and Canada are among the countries that grow GM crops.
Advantages and Disadvantages of GM Crops
Advantages and Disadvantages of GM Crops
Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified (GM) crops:
![Illustrative background for Advantages](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/9b307909-7182-4826-b638-f954e2dfbeae/shutterstock_581026003,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
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Advantages
Advantages
- We can make crops grow faster.
- Farmers get a higher crop yield, so production costs are lower.
- Lower production costs mean lower consumer prices.
- We can modify GM crops to contain nutrients that people lack in their diets.
- We can modify crops to have longer shelf lives to reduce food waste.
- We can make some seasonal foods available sooner in the year by modifying crops to ripen earlier.
![Illustrative background for Disadvantages](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/f10678ee-92fd-4bac-87af-6f2de972a805/shutterstock_119997055,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
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Disadvantages
Disadvantages
- May affect the number of flowers and weeds and insect populations, so reducing farmland diversity.
- Possible health effects (no science yet).
- Sellers are restricted in parts of the world.
- E.g. some GM foods cannot be imported under EU law.
- People could develop allergies to GM foods.
- GM genes could cause issues in the wider environment (e.g. creation of a 'superweed' that is resistant to herbicide).
Safety Concerns about GM Crops
Safety Concerns about GM Crops
Some consumers worry about the unnatural altering of genes. The European Union has guidelines on GM foods because of safety concerns.
![Illustrative background for Labelling and safety assessments](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/d7f78d1c-afbe-40cc-be7a-fa6d24516557/shutterstock_653885830,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
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Labelling and safety assessments
Labelling and safety assessments
- According to EU law:
- Producers must label GM foods. This extends to foods that contain 1% or more of GM ingredients.
- Meat and dairy products don't have to be labelled if the animals they came from were fed on GM foods.
- Safety assessments must be carried out for GM foods. GM foods cannot be sold if any health risks are identified.
1Food Preparation Skills
1.1Food Preparation Skills
1.1.1General Practical Skills
1.1.2Knife Skills
1.1.3Preparing Fruit, Vegetables & Using Equipment
1.1.4Cooking Methods: Prepare, Shape & Combine
1.1.5Sauce Making, Tenderising & Marinating
1.1.6Dough & Pastry
1.1.7Shaping & Finishing Dough
1.1.8Raising Agents & Mixtures
1.1.9End of Topic Test - Food Preparation Skills 1
2Food, Nutrition & Health
2.2Micronutrients
3Food Science
3.1Cooking of Food & Heat Transfer
3.2Functional & Chemical Properties of Food
4Food Safety
4.1Food Spoilage & Contamination
5Food Choice
5.1Factors Affecting Food Choice
5.2British & International Cuisines
6Food Provenance
6.1Environmental Impact & Sustainability of Food
6.1.1Food Sources - Intensive & Organic Farming
6.1.2Food Sources - Genetically Modified Crops
6.1.3Food Sources - Reared Food
6.1.4Food Sources - Caught Food
6.1.5Food & The Environment
6.1.6Food & The Environment 2
6.1.7Sustainability of Food
6.1.8Sustainability of Food 2
6.1.9End of Topic Test - Environmental Impacts
Jump to other topics
1Food Preparation Skills
1.1Food Preparation Skills
1.1.1General Practical Skills
1.1.2Knife Skills
1.1.3Preparing Fruit, Vegetables & Using Equipment
1.1.4Cooking Methods: Prepare, Shape & Combine
1.1.5Sauce Making, Tenderising & Marinating
1.1.6Dough & Pastry
1.1.7Shaping & Finishing Dough
1.1.8Raising Agents & Mixtures
1.1.9End of Topic Test - Food Preparation Skills 1
2Food, Nutrition & Health
2.2Micronutrients
3Food Science
3.1Cooking of Food & Heat Transfer
3.2Functional & Chemical Properties of Food
4Food Safety
4.1Food Spoilage & Contamination
5Food Choice
5.1Factors Affecting Food Choice
5.2British & International Cuisines
6Food Provenance
6.1Environmental Impact & Sustainability of Food
6.1.1Food Sources - Intensive & Organic Farming
6.1.2Food Sources - Genetically Modified Crops
6.1.3Food Sources - Reared Food
6.1.4Food Sources - Caught Food
6.1.5Food & The Environment
6.1.6Food & The Environment 2
6.1.7Sustainability of Food
6.1.8Sustainability of Food 2
6.1.9End of Topic Test - Environmental Impacts
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