2.2.3
Minerals & Water
Minerals - Calcium and Iron
Minerals - Calcium and Iron
To maintain a healthy diet, we need small quantities of minerals, which are chemical elements, and trace elements. Minerals support chemical reactions in the body.
![Illustrative background for Calcium](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/c0152cd2-39c5-46d6-b85d-c0eae383267a/shutterstock_379768576,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Calcium ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/c0152cd2-39c5-46d6-b85d-c0eae383267a/shutterstock_379768576,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Calcium
Calcium
- Some of the foods we get calcium from are yoghurt, leafy green vegetables, cheese, canned fish and milk.
- We need calcium to maintain strong teeth and bones. We also need calcium to maintain healthy nerves and muscles to support blood clotting.
![Illustrative background for Excess and too little calcium](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/f4941fb4-049c-4729-9db2-8a7031690c90/shutterstock_706192516,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Excess and too little calcium ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/f4941fb4-049c-4729-9db2-8a7031690c90/shutterstock_706192516,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Excess and too little calcium
Excess and too little calcium
- Excess:
- The body stores any excess calcium in organs, such as the kidneys. Excess calcium in the kidneys can increase the risk of developing kidney stones and cause the kidneys to stop working.
- Too little:
- Weakened bones and teeth.
- Bending of bones.
- Slowed blood clotting.
- Children that don't get enough calcium can develop rickets or osteoporosis from having weaker bones.
![Illustrative background for Iron](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/065eb48b-e923-4550-9397-3f3f2c497964/shutterstock_519244897,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Iron ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/065eb48b-e923-4550-9397-3f3f2c497964/shutterstock_519244897,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Iron
Iron
- We get iron from red meat, liver, kidney, dark green vegetables (such as watercress), wholemeal bread, egg yolk etc.
- Iron is an important part of haemoglobin, which makes red blood cells red.
![Illustrative background for Excess and too little iron](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/56b0481d-c239-4d5a-b8ba-31923ad6a042/shutterstock_584135098,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Excess and too little iron ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/56b0481d-c239-4d5a-b8ba-31923ad6a042/shutterstock_584135098,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Excess and too little iron
Excess and too little iron
- Excess (poisonous):
- Constipation.
- Feeling nauseous.
- Stomach cramps.
- Too little:
- Iron deficiency anaemia.
- Pale skin.
- Fatigue.
Minerals - Sodium and Phosphorus
Minerals - Sodium and Phosphorus
To maintain a healthy diet, we need small quantities of minerals, which are chemical elements, and trace elements. Minerals support chemical reactions in the body.
![Illustrative background for Sodium](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/e1f3f8d5-34ea-4b9f-a8c1-4fa46ba00737/shutterstock_517613890,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Sodium ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/e1f3f8d5-34ea-4b9f-a8c1-4fa46ba00737/shutterstock_517613890,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Sodium
Sodium
- We get sodium chloride (salt) from most of the foods we eat. For example, bacon, stock cubes, ham, salted butter. Lots of people choose to add it to foods too.
- Salt supports nerve and muscle function. Salt also helps to monitor the body's water content.
![Illustrative background for Excess and too little sodium](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/6e99170b-2d30-40b6-9f64-c7314efdf646/shutterstock_652617643,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Excess and too little sodium ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/6e99170b-2d30-40b6-9f64-c7314efdf646/shutterstock_652617643,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Excess and too little sodium
Excess and too little sodium
- Excess salt in the diet is unhealthy. Symptoms include cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure.
- People can experience nausea and muscle cramps if they take in too little salt.
![Illustrative background for Phosphorus](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/a93ec06f-3606-417b-9457-eae42915d14f/shutterstock_590193029,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Phosphorus ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/a93ec06f-3606-417b-9457-eae42915d14f/shutterstock_590193029,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Phosphorus
Phosphorus
- We get phosphorus from foods that contain lots of protein, like dairy products, beef and salmon.
- We need phosphorus to develop strong teeth and bones and for making cell membranes (particularly in the brain).
![Illustrative background for Excess and too little phosphorus](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/5fc22d1c-1ea7-45f9-9222-7d867b42d859/shutterstock_1080169544,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Excess and too little phosphorus ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/5fc22d1c-1ea7-45f9-9222-7d867b42d859/shutterstock_1080169544,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Excess and too little phosphorus
Excess and too little phosphorus
- Excess phosphorus can make calcium absorption more difficult.
- Symptoms of having too little phosphorus include painful bones and weakened muscles.
1Food Preparation Skills
1.1Food Preparation Skills
1.1.1General Practical Skills
1.1.2Knife Skills
1.1.3Preparing Fruit, Vegetables & Using Equipment
1.1.4Cooking Methods: Prepare, Shape & Combine
1.1.5Sauce Making, Tenderising & Marinating
1.1.6Dough & Pastry
1.1.7Shaping & Finishing Dough
1.1.8Raising Agents & Mixtures
1.1.9End of Topic Test - Food Preparation Skills 1
2Food, Nutrition & Health
2.2Micronutrients
3Food Science
3.1Cooking of Food & Heat Transfer
3.2Functional & Chemical Properties of Food
4Food Safety
4.1Food Spoilage & Contamination
5Food Choice
5.1Factors Affecting Food Choice
5.2British & International Cuisines
6Food Provenance
6.1Environmental Impact & Sustainability of Food
6.1.1Food Sources - Intensive & Organic Farming
6.1.2Food Sources - Genetically Modified Crops
6.1.3Food Sources - Reared Food
6.1.4Food Sources - Caught Food
6.1.5Food & The Environment
6.1.6Food & The Environment 2
6.1.7Sustainability of Food
6.1.8Sustainability of Food 2
6.1.9End of Topic Test - Environmental Impacts
Jump to other topics
1Food Preparation Skills
1.1Food Preparation Skills
1.1.1General Practical Skills
1.1.2Knife Skills
1.1.3Preparing Fruit, Vegetables & Using Equipment
1.1.4Cooking Methods: Prepare, Shape & Combine
1.1.5Sauce Making, Tenderising & Marinating
1.1.6Dough & Pastry
1.1.7Shaping & Finishing Dough
1.1.8Raising Agents & Mixtures
1.1.9End of Topic Test - Food Preparation Skills 1
2Food, Nutrition & Health
2.2Micronutrients
3Food Science
3.1Cooking of Food & Heat Transfer
3.2Functional & Chemical Properties of Food
4Food Safety
4.1Food Spoilage & Contamination
5Food Choice
5.1Factors Affecting Food Choice
5.2British & International Cuisines
6Food Provenance
6.1Environmental Impact & Sustainability of Food
6.1.1Food Sources - Intensive & Organic Farming
6.1.2Food Sources - Genetically Modified Crops
6.1.3Food Sources - Reared Food
6.1.4Food Sources - Caught Food
6.1.5Food & The Environment
6.1.6Food & The Environment 2
6.1.7Sustainability of Food
6.1.8Sustainability of Food 2
6.1.9End of Topic Test - Environmental Impacts
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