Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I's styled herself as a Protestant Queen, married to her country. Her motto 'semper eadem' (meaning 'always the same') reflects her aim to make England stable.

Elizabeth I's personality

Similar to her father, Elizabeth I is said to have had a short temper.
Elizabeth received a thorough education. She particularly loved music and would become a patron of musicians when Queen.
Elizabeth studied theology and was a moderate Protestant.

Elizabeth I's cautious rule

MacCaffrey (1993): "[Elizabeth] had developed a strategy of caution, of immobility, of playing as few cards as possible, waiting and hoping on events."

Taking advantage of her gender

Ferriby, Anderson and Imperato (2017) "…hard edged… impatient with people who failed her…deliberately created a masculine personality to command…but the fact that she was a woman to charm [her courtiers]."

Elizabeth I's approach to government

Elizabeth’s relations with parliament could be stormy. She made it quite clear where their boundaries were and that they should not overstep them.
Elizabeth used the Royal Prerogative to prevent discussion of issues such as the succession, her marriage and Mary, Queen of Scots.
Naunton in the 1630s: "She ruled much by faction and parties, which she herself both made, upheld and weakened, as her own great judgement advised."

Popular attitudes to Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I managed her public image carefully: from 1563 all portraits of her had to be authorised and follow a ‘template.’
She cultivated the persona of the Virgin Queen, married to her people.
A Spanish Ambassador in 1568: "She was received everywhere with… signs of joy".
The defeat of the Armada reinvigorated her popularity.

1Monarch & Government

1.1Tudor Monarchs

1.1.1Henry VII

1.1.2Henry VIII

1.1.3Edward VI

1.1.4Mary I

1.1.5Elizabeth I

1.1.6Succession Disputes

1.2Changing Role of Parliament

1.2.1Parliament & Henry VII

1.2.2Parliament & Henry VIII

1.2.3Parliament After the Reformation

1.3Principal Servants to the Crown

1.3.1Principal Servants to the Crown

2Religious Changes

2.1Tudor Monarchs & Religious Change

2.1.1The Henrician Reformation

2.1.2Impact of Religious Change Under Henry VIII

2.1.3Religious Change Under Edward VI

2.1.4Religious Change Under Mary I

2.1.5Elizabethan Settlement

2.2Catholicism & Survival

2.2.1Popular Attitudes to Catholicism

2.2.2Catholicism Under Henry VIII

2.2.3Catholicism Under Elizabeth I

2.2.4Catholic Nobility

2.3Protestantism & Puritanism

2.3.1Protestant Influences

2.3.2Protestantism Under Edward VI

2.3.3Protestantism Under Elizabeth I

3State Control & Popular Resistance

3.1Tudor Control of the Country

3.1.1Councils

3.1.2Role of Nobility

3.1.3Justices of the Peace

3.1.4Lord Lieutenant

3.2The State & the Poor

3.2.1Reasons for Growth of Poverty

3.2.2Punishments for Paupers

3.2.3Role of Charities

3.3Resistance to Tudor Rule

3.3.1Resistance to Tax & Subsidies

3.3.2Uprisings Against Henry VIII

3.3.3Uprisings Against Edward VI

3.3.4Uprisings Against Elizabeth I

3.3.5Decline of Popular Resistance

4Economic, Social & Cultural Change

4.1Patterns of Domestic & Foreign Trade

4.1.1Wool & Cloth

4.1.2Exploration & Trade

4.2Changing Structure of Society

4.2.1Population

4.2.2Dissolution of Monasteries

4.2.3Enclosure

4.3Cultural Change

4.3.1Education & Literature

4.3.2Impact of Religious Change

4.3.3Patronage

4.3.4The Arts

4.3.5Cult of Gloriana

5Historical Interpretations

5.1Significance of Threats to National Security

5.1.1Spain

5.1.2The Spanish Armada

5.1.3Ireland

5.2Court Politics

5.2.1Court Factions

5.2.2Essex's Rebellion

5.3Elizabeth & Parliament

5.3.1Conflict with Parliament

5.4Social Distress in the 1590s

5.4.1Social Distress in the 1590s

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