2.2.3

Native Policy in Colonies

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Britain's Native Policy

Britain had no consistent policy towards native populations. Relations between the British and natives depended on their specific contexts. These relations could also change over time.

Settler colonies

Settler colonies

Settler colonies occur when a colonising state seeks to replace the local population of a colony with its own nationals.
White settler colonies were given increasing dominion status.
- This means that they were given more autonomy.
- e.g. Australia (1901) and New Zealand (1907).
Australia contributed financially to the British Navy and in 1887, "Australia and NZ agreed to contribute, and in return, a naval squadron was stationed in Australasian waters" (Kitchen, 1996).

Cooperating with native leaders

Cooperating with native leaders

The British could cooperate with native leaders.
For example, Sultan Barghash of Zanzibar collaborated with British rule and agreed to abolish Zanzibar's involvement in the slave trade when requested to do so by John Kirk.

Divide and conquer as a policy

Divide and conquer as a policy

Britain employed divide and conquer tactics in some colonies.
In India, Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs were spread across military units to stop nationalism and religion uniting in any units. This made a rebellion less likely.
In Kenya, British governors favoured the Masai tribe at the expense of the Kikuyu tribe. Harry Thuku led a Kikuyu rebellion against British taxes and forced identity cards in 1922.
The divide and conquer policy potentially caused local populations to focus on the divisions between them, instead of against the external enemy controlling policy in the nation, Britain, or the chartered trading companies.

1

High Water Mark of the British Empire, 1857-1914

1.1

Development of Imperialism, 1857-1890

1.1.1Empires over Time 1.1.2Key Questions About Empires 1.1.3Expansion into Africa 1.1.4History of Egypt 1.1.5Control of Egypt 1.1.6Control of Sudan

1.2

Imperial & Colonial Policy, 1857-1890

1.2.1The British Empire & India 1.2.2The British Raj 1.2.3International Relations with other Powers 1.2.4Scramble for Africa 1.2.5The Informal Empire

1.3

Trade & Commerce, 1857-1890

1.3.1Trade & Commerce in the Empire 1.3.2Infrastructure of Trade & Commerce 1.3.3Products of Trade & Commerce

1.4

Attitudes Towards the Empire, 1857-1890

1.4.1Explorers 1.4.2Missionaries 1.4.3Traders & Colonial Administrators 1.4.4Government Attitudes Towards Imperialism

1.5

Relations with Indigenous Peoples, 1857-1890

1.5.1Relations with India 1.5.2Relations with South Africa 1.5.3British-Boer Relations

2

Imperial Consolidation & Liberal Rule, 1890-1914

2.1

Consolidation & Expansion in Africa, 1890-1914

2.1.1Consolidation & Expansion into Africa 2.1.2Consolidation & Expansion in South Africa 2.1.3Historical Interpretations: Expansion into Africa

2.2

Imperial & Colonial Policy, 1890-1914

2.2.1Policy in India 2.2.2Policy in Egypt 2.2.3Native Policy in Colonies 2.2.4International Relations with Other Powers

2.3

Trade & Commerce, 1890-1914

2.3.1The Benefits of Trade 2.3.2Costs of the Empire 2.3.3Debates Over Trade

2.4

Attitudes Towards the Empire, 1890-1914

2.4.1Key Administrators - Chamberlain & Rhodes 2.4.2Key Administrators - Baring & Milner 2.4.3Key Administrators - Curzon 2.4.4Government Attitudes to the Empire 2.4.5National Efficiency & the Boer War 2.4.6Popular Attitudes Towards Imperialism

2.5

Relations with Indigenous Peoples, 1890-1914

2.5.1Challenges in India 2.5.2Challenges in Africa 2.5.3Challenges in South Africa 2.5.4Historical Interpretations of the Boer War 2.5.5Relations & Business with Iran

3

Imperialism Challenged, 1914-1967

3.1

Expansion & Contraction of Empire, 1914-1947

3.1.1Impact of WW1 3.1.2Palestine 3.1.3Ireland & WW1 3.1.4Impact of WW2 on the British Empire

3.2

Colonial Policy & Administration, 1914-1947

3.2.1Administration in India & Palestine 3.2.2Administration in Iraq & the Dominions 3.2.3Imperial Defence

3.3

Trade, Commerce & Economic Impact of War

3.3.1Economic Impact of WW1 3.3.2Inter-War Trade & Commerce 3.3.3Economic Impact of WW2

3.4

Attitudes Towards the Empire, 1890-1914

3.4.1Colonial Administrators 3.4.2Trusteeship 3.4.3Gandhi 3.4.4Montagu, Haig & Linlithgow 3.4.5Cameron, Mitchell, Cohen & Furse - African Admins 3.4.6Imperialist Ideals

3.5

Relations with Indigenous Peoples, 1914-1947

3.5.1Ireland & India 1914-1947 3.5.2The Middle East and Africa

4

The Wind of Change, 1947-1967

4.1

Decolonisation in Africa & Asia, 1947-1967

4.1.1Reasons for Decolonisation 4.1.2Decolonisation in East & West Africa 4.1.3Decolonisation in Central & South Africa 4.1.4Decolonisation in Asia

4.2

Colonial Policy & Administration, 1947-1967

4.2.1Relations & Business with Iran after WW2 4.2.2The 'Winds of Change'4.2.3The Suez Canal Crisis - 1956 4.2.4International Relations 1947-1967

4.3

Trade & Commerce, 1947-1967

4.3.1The Economic Impact of WW2

4.4

Attitudes Towards the Empire, 1947-1967

4.4.1Colonial Administrators: Cohen & Arden-Clarke 4.4.2Local Leaders in the Independence Movement 4.4.3Pan-Africanism in Nationalism

4.5

Post-Colonial Ties, 1947-1967

4.5.1Windrush & Immigration 4.5.2Commonwealth Immigrants Act 4.5.3Residual Impact of the Empire

4.6

Relations with Indigenous Peoples, 1947-1967

4.6.1Challenges to Colonial Rule Post 1947 4.6.2Kenya & the Mau Mau Uprising 4.6.3Nigeria & Rhodesia

Jump to other topics

1

High Water Mark of the British Empire, 1857-1914

1.1

Development of Imperialism, 1857-1890

1.1.1Empires over Time 1.1.2Key Questions About Empires 1.1.3Expansion into Africa 1.1.4History of Egypt 1.1.5Control of Egypt 1.1.6Control of Sudan

1.2

Imperial & Colonial Policy, 1857-1890

1.2.1The British Empire & India 1.2.2The British Raj 1.2.3International Relations with other Powers 1.2.4Scramble for Africa 1.2.5The Informal Empire

1.3

Trade & Commerce, 1857-1890

1.3.1Trade & Commerce in the Empire 1.3.2Infrastructure of Trade & Commerce 1.3.3Products of Trade & Commerce

1.4

Attitudes Towards the Empire, 1857-1890

1.4.1Explorers 1.4.2Missionaries 1.4.3Traders & Colonial Administrators 1.4.4Government Attitudes Towards Imperialism

1.5

Relations with Indigenous Peoples, 1857-1890

1.5.1Relations with India 1.5.2Relations with South Africa 1.5.3British-Boer Relations

2

Imperial Consolidation & Liberal Rule, 1890-1914

2.1

Consolidation & Expansion in Africa, 1890-1914

2.1.1Consolidation & Expansion into Africa 2.1.2Consolidation & Expansion in South Africa 2.1.3Historical Interpretations: Expansion into Africa

2.2

Imperial & Colonial Policy, 1890-1914

2.2.1Policy in India 2.2.2Policy in Egypt 2.2.3Native Policy in Colonies 2.2.4International Relations with Other Powers

2.3

Trade & Commerce, 1890-1914

2.3.1The Benefits of Trade 2.3.2Costs of the Empire 2.3.3Debates Over Trade

2.4

Attitudes Towards the Empire, 1890-1914

2.4.1Key Administrators - Chamberlain & Rhodes 2.4.2Key Administrators - Baring & Milner 2.4.3Key Administrators - Curzon 2.4.4Government Attitudes to the Empire 2.4.5National Efficiency & the Boer War 2.4.6Popular Attitudes Towards Imperialism

2.5

Relations with Indigenous Peoples, 1890-1914

2.5.1Challenges in India 2.5.2Challenges in Africa 2.5.3Challenges in South Africa 2.5.4Historical Interpretations of the Boer War 2.5.5Relations & Business with Iran

3

Imperialism Challenged, 1914-1967

3.1

Expansion & Contraction of Empire, 1914-1947

3.1.1Impact of WW1 3.1.2Palestine 3.1.3Ireland & WW1 3.1.4Impact of WW2 on the British Empire

3.2

Colonial Policy & Administration, 1914-1947

3.2.1Administration in India & Palestine 3.2.2Administration in Iraq & the Dominions 3.2.3Imperial Defence

3.3

Trade, Commerce & Economic Impact of War

3.3.1Economic Impact of WW1 3.3.2Inter-War Trade & Commerce 3.3.3Economic Impact of WW2

3.4

Attitudes Towards the Empire, 1890-1914

3.4.1Colonial Administrators 3.4.2Trusteeship 3.4.3Gandhi 3.4.4Montagu, Haig & Linlithgow 3.4.5Cameron, Mitchell, Cohen & Furse - African Admins 3.4.6Imperialist Ideals

3.5

Relations with Indigenous Peoples, 1914-1947

3.5.1Ireland & India 1914-1947 3.5.2The Middle East and Africa

4

The Wind of Change, 1947-1967

4.1

Decolonisation in Africa & Asia, 1947-1967

4.1.1Reasons for Decolonisation 4.1.2Decolonisation in East & West Africa 4.1.3Decolonisation in Central & South Africa 4.1.4Decolonisation in Asia

4.2

Colonial Policy & Administration, 1947-1967

4.2.1Relations & Business with Iran after WW2 4.2.2The 'Winds of Change'4.2.3The Suez Canal Crisis - 1956 4.2.4International Relations 1947-1967

4.3

Trade & Commerce, 1947-1967

4.3.1The Economic Impact of WW2

4.4

Attitudes Towards the Empire, 1947-1967

4.4.1Colonial Administrators: Cohen & Arden-Clarke 4.4.2Local Leaders in the Independence Movement 4.4.3Pan-Africanism in Nationalism

4.5

Post-Colonial Ties, 1947-1967

4.5.1Windrush & Immigration 4.5.2Commonwealth Immigrants Act 4.5.3Residual Impact of the Empire

4.6

Relations with Indigenous Peoples, 1947-1967

4.6.1Challenges to Colonial Rule Post 1947 4.6.2Kenya & the Mau Mau Uprising 4.6.3Nigeria & Rhodesia

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1
What did Sultan Barghash of Zanzibar agree to do on John Kirk's request?Multiple choice

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Policy in Egypt

International Relations with Other Powers