The Internet

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What is the Internet?

The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks (a network of networks).

Internet Protocol (IP)

The Internet Protocol (IP) is a set of rules that make sure that devices can work together on the Internet.
Every computer is assigned an IP address that is used to send and receive data from other devices.

Packet switching

Packet switching is the process by which data is transmitted on the Internet.
Data is split into small 'packets' which are then sent out across the network.
Routers are essential to the internet because they pass the data packets between the interconnected networks.

Internet traffic

There are a lot of different types of traffic on the Internet.
Each type of traffic corresponds to a different type of application. For example:
- World Wide Web (WWW) traffic.
- Email traffic.
- Multiplayer game traffic.
- Video streaming traffic.

Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)

A URL is a unique identifier for a resource on the Internet. It always follows a specific format.

Protocol

The first section is the protocol.
The protocol is the set of rules that the browser should use to get the resource from the server.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a common protocol which is used for sending websites.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is another common protocol:
- HTTPS is also used to send websites.
- HTTPS sends the data using an encrypted connection.

Domain

The next section is the domain.
The domain is the name of the server which is hosting the website.

Path

The path follows the domain.
The path is the name of the requested file on the server and specifies where it should be located on the server.

1Components of a Computer

1.1Structure & Function of the Processor

1.1.1Structure of the CPU

1.1.2Fetch, Decode, Execute Cycle

1.1.3Factors Affecting CPU Performance

1.1.4CPU Architecture

1.2Types of Processors

1.2.1CISC & RISC

1.2.2Multicore & Parallel Cores

1.3Input, Output & Storage

1.3.1Computer Systems

1.3.2Magnetic Storage

1.3.3Optical Storage

1.3.4Types of Optical Storage

1.3.5Types of Memory

1.3.6Flash Memory

1.3.7Virtual Memory

2Software & Software Development

3Exchanging Data

4Data Types, Data Structures & Algorithms

4.1Data Types

4.1.1Data Types

4.1.2Arrays & Strings

4.1.3Representing Numbers

4.1.4Binary Arithmetic

4.1.5Hexadecimal

4.1.6Converting Binary Numbers

4.1.7Floating Points in Binary

4.1.8Floating Point Arithmetic

4.1.9Bitwise Manipulation

4.1.10Character Sets

4.2Data Structures

4.2.1Arrays, Linked Lists & Queues

4.2.2Graphs, Hash Tables & Stacks

4.2.3Trees

4.3Boolean Algebra

4.3.1Computational Logic

4.3.2Boolean Logic

4.3.3Karnaugh Maps

4.3.4Boolean Identities

4.3.5Flip Flops & Adder Circuits

5Legal, Moral, Cultural & Ethical Issues

5.1Computing Related Legislation

5.1.1Data Protection Act (1998)

5.1.2Computer Misuse Act (1990)

5.1.3Copyright Designs and Patents Act (1988)

5.1.4Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (2000)

5.2Moral & Ethical Issues

5.2.1Online Activity Tracking

5.2.2Censorship

5.2.3Cultural Issues

5.2.4Environmental Issues

5.2.5Layout, Colour Paradigms & Character Sets

6Elements of Computational Thinking

6.1Thinking Abstractly

6.1.1Abstraction

6.2Thinking Procedurally

6.2.1Decomposition

6.3Thinking Logically

6.3.1Pseudocode & Flow Diagrams

7Problem Solving & Programming

7.1Programming Techniques

7.1.1Programming Fundamentals

7.1.2Modularity

7.2Programming Construction

7.2.1Integrated Development Environments

7.2.2Testing

8Algorithms

8.1Algorithms

8.1.1Interpreting, Correcting & Completing Algorithm

8.1.2Sort Algorithms

8.1.3Insertion & Merge Sort

8.1.4Search Algorithms

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