1.1.1
Structure of the CPU
Structure of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Structure of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU is made up of many different components.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
- The ALU performs all of the arithmetic and logical
operations of the CPU, including:
- Addition and subtraction, multiplication and division.
- Comparisons such as whether numbers are equal or if one is greater than another.
- Boolean operations such as AND, OR and NOT.
Control Unit (CU)
Control Unit (CU)
- Sends out control signals to other parts of the CPU.
- Executes program instructions by following the fetch-decode-execute cycle.
- Made up of two key parts:
- The clock - coordinates the CPU's activity.
- The decoder - decodes program instructions.
Registers
Registers
- Registers are tiny amounts of super-quick memory within the CPU.
- Used to hold information needed for the CPU to work.
- Each register holds a specific piece of information.
Registers of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Registers of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Registers that have a predetermined purpose in the central processing unit are known as special purpose registers.
Program Counter (PC)
Program Counter (PC)
- Holds the memory location address of the next instruction to be performed by the CPU.
- The PC does not store the instruction itself.
Accumulator (ACC)
Accumulator (ACC)
- Holds the result of calculations and operations performed by the arithmetic logic unit (ALU).
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Memory Address Register (MAR)
- Holds the address of the location in memory where data is to be retrieved or stored.
Memory Data Register (MDR)
Memory Data Register (MDR)
- Holds the data that has been retrieved from memory, or that is about to be stored in memory.
Current Instruction Register (CIR)
Current Instruction Register (CIR)
- The Current Instruction Register (CIR) is used to store the current instruction that the CPU is working on.
Buses
Buses
Buses are used to send and receive data and instructions from main memory (RAM).
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Function
Function
- Buses are used to send and receive data and instructions from main memory (RAM).
- A Von Neumann CPU has 3 buses:
- The data bus
- The address bus
- The control bus
Data bus
Data bus
- The data bus retrieves data and instructions from main memory.
Address bus
Address bus
- The address bus sends addresses to the main memory.
Control bus
Control bus
- The control bus sends control signals to other devices inside the computer system.
1Components of a Computer
1.1Structure & Function of the Processor
1.2Types of Processors
2Software & Software Development
2.1Systems Software
2.2Applications Generation
2.3Software Development
3Exchanging Data
3.1Compression, Encryption & Hashing
3.3Networks
4Data Types, Data Structures & Algorithms
4.1Data Types
5Legal, Moral, Cultural & Ethical Issues
5.1Computing Related Legislation
6Elements of Computational Thinking
6.1Thinking Abstractly
6.2Thinking Procedurally
6.3Thinking Logically
7Problem Solving & Programming
7.1Programming Techniques
7.2Programming Construction
Jump to other topics
1Components of a Computer
1.1Structure & Function of the Processor
1.2Types of Processors
2Software & Software Development
2.1Systems Software
2.2Applications Generation
2.3Software Development
3Exchanging Data
3.1Compression, Encryption & Hashing
3.3Networks
4Data Types, Data Structures & Algorithms
4.1Data Types
5Legal, Moral, Cultural & Ethical Issues
5.1Computing Related Legislation
6Elements of Computational Thinking
6.1Thinking Abstractly
6.2Thinking Procedurally
6.3Thinking Logically
7Problem Solving & Programming
7.1Programming Techniques
7.2Programming Construction
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