4.1.1
Atomic Model
Atomic Model - Example
Atomic Model - Example
An atom has a small, positively-charged nucleus surrounded by orbiting negatively-charged electrons.
Size of Atoms vs Nucleus
Size of Atoms vs Nucleus
Atoms have a radius of about 1 × 10-10 metres. However, the nucleus of an atom is even smaller.
Atoms
Atoms
- If an atom was the size of Wembley Stadium, then...
Nucleus
Nucleus
- ...its nucleus would be the size of a garden pea!
The Charges of Sub-Atomic Particles
The Charges of Sub-Atomic Particles
The 3 different sub-atomic particles (protons, neutrons and electrons) have different relative charges. Atoms have no overall charge (are neutral). In an atom, these charges all cancel each other out.
Protons (+1)
Protons (+1)
- Protons have a relative charge of +1.
- They are found in the nucleus.
- An element’s atomic number is the number of protons it possesses.
- All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.
Electrons (-1)
Electrons (-1)
- Electrons have a relative charge of -1.
- They are found in fixed orbits around the nucleus.
- In any atom, the total number of negative electrons equals the number of positive protons, meaning atoms have no overall electric charge.
Neutrons (0)
Neutrons (0)
- Neutrons have a relative charge of 0 - they are neutral.
- Like protons, they are found in the nucleus.
1Energy
1.1Energy Changes
1.1.1Energy Stores
1.1.2Calculating Changes in Energy
1.1.3Changes in Kinetic Energy - Calculations
1.1.4Changes in GPE - Calculations
1.1.5Changes in EPE - Calculations
1.1.6Energy Transfers
1.1.7Mechanical Work Done
1.1.8Mechanical Work - Calculations
1.1.9Electrical Work Done
1.1.10Electrical Work Done- Calculations
1.2Energy Losses & Efficiency
2Electricity
2.1Electric Charge
2.2Resistance & Electrical Work
2.3Electric Circuits
2.4Electricity in Homes
2.5Static Electricity
3Particle Model of Matter
3.1States of Matter
3.2Heat
4Atoms & Radiation
4.1Atoms
4.2Radiation
4.2.1Radioactive Decay
4.2.2Radioactive Decay 2
4.2.3Types of Radioactive Emission
4.2.4Fission & Fusion
4.2.5Radioactive Decay Equations
4.2.6Radio. decay equations - Calculations
4.2.7Half Lives & Ionising Radiation
4.2.8Half Life - Calculations
4.2.9Uses & Dangers of Radiation
4.2.10Uses & Dangers of Radiation 2
4.2.11End of Topic Test - Atoms & Radiation
4.2.12Grade 9 - Radiation
4.2.13Exam-Style Questions - Radioactive Decay
5Forces
5.1Basics of Motion
5.2Forces
5.2.1Gravity
5.2.2Gravity - Calculations
5.2.3Resultant Forces
5.2.4Newton Second Law - Calculations
5.2.5Force Diagrams
5.2.6Free Body Diagrams - Calculations
5.2.7Stretching a Spring
5.2.8Hooke's Law
5.2.9Hooke's Law - Calculations
5.2.10Elastic Potential Energy
5.2.11Elastic Potential - Calculations
5.2.12Exam-Style Questions - Elastic Potential Energy
5.3Effects of Forces
6Waves
6.1Wave Basics
6.2Waves at a Boundary
6.3Sound Waves
6.4Electromagnetic Waves
7Magnetism
7.1Magnetism Basics
7.2Electromagnetism
Jump to other topics
1Energy
1.1Energy Changes
1.1.1Energy Stores
1.1.2Calculating Changes in Energy
1.1.3Changes in Kinetic Energy - Calculations
1.1.4Changes in GPE - Calculations
1.1.5Changes in EPE - Calculations
1.1.6Energy Transfers
1.1.7Mechanical Work Done
1.1.8Mechanical Work - Calculations
1.1.9Electrical Work Done
1.1.10Electrical Work Done- Calculations
1.2Energy Losses & Efficiency
2Electricity
2.1Electric Charge
2.2Resistance & Electrical Work
2.3Electric Circuits
2.4Electricity in Homes
2.5Static Electricity
3Particle Model of Matter
3.1States of Matter
3.2Heat
4Atoms & Radiation
4.1Atoms
4.2Radiation
4.2.1Radioactive Decay
4.2.2Radioactive Decay 2
4.2.3Types of Radioactive Emission
4.2.4Fission & Fusion
4.2.5Radioactive Decay Equations
4.2.6Radio. decay equations - Calculations
4.2.7Half Lives & Ionising Radiation
4.2.8Half Life - Calculations
4.2.9Uses & Dangers of Radiation
4.2.10Uses & Dangers of Radiation 2
4.2.11End of Topic Test - Atoms & Radiation
4.2.12Grade 9 - Radiation
4.2.13Exam-Style Questions - Radioactive Decay
5Forces
5.1Basics of Motion
5.2Forces
5.2.1Gravity
5.2.2Gravity - Calculations
5.2.3Resultant Forces
5.2.4Newton Second Law - Calculations
5.2.5Force Diagrams
5.2.6Free Body Diagrams - Calculations
5.2.7Stretching a Spring
5.2.8Hooke's Law
5.2.9Hooke's Law - Calculations
5.2.10Elastic Potential Energy
5.2.11Elastic Potential - Calculations
5.2.12Exam-Style Questions - Elastic Potential Energy
5.3Effects of Forces
6Waves
6.1Wave Basics
6.2Waves at a Boundary
6.3Sound Waves
6.4Electromagnetic Waves
7Magnetism
7.1Magnetism Basics
7.2Electromagnetism
Unlock your full potential with GoStudent tutoring
Affordable 1:1 tutoring from the comfort of your home
Tutors are matched to your specific learning needs
30+ school subjects covered