Legal Issues

Data Protection Act 1998

As the quantity of sensitive data stored about users increases, it is important that legislation is in place to protect it.

Purpose of the DPA

The DPA was first published in 1998.
It determines what organisations can do with the personal data that they have collected.
The DPA also defines the rights of the individual over the data that is stored about them.
In 2018, the DPA was strengthened by the introduction of a new act called General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

Principles of the DPA

There are eight principles (rules) in the DPA.
The first four rules are:
- Data must be used and processed in a fair and lawful way.
- Data must only be used for the stated purpose.
- Data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive for the specified use.
- Data must be accurate and kept up-to-date.

Principles of the DPA

There are eight principles (rules) in the DPA.
The second four rules are:
- Data should not be kept longer than necessary.
- Data should only be used according to the rights of the data subject.
- Data should be kept safe and secure.
- Data must not be transferred to organisations within other countries that do not offer a similar level of protection.

The Data Protection Act 2018

The Data Protection Act 2018 is an updated data protection law, that brings the EU GDPR to UK law.
The Data Protection Act 1998 formed the origins of the GDPR law, but each act has its differences.
- The 'right to erasure' in each act is different - there are more exemptions in the 2018 version.
The Data Protection Act 2018 requires companies to run a GDPR audit.

Computer Misuse Act (1990)

The Computer Misuse Act (1990) was brought in to protect against hacking and cybercrime. It consists of three offences:

Unauthorised access

It is illegal to attempt to access a computer or its contents without authorisation.

Unauthorised access with intent

It is illegal to attempt to access a network or device with the intent of committing further criminal activity.

Unauthorised modification

It is illegal to intend to modify or destroy a computer system, software or data without authorisation.
- For example, this makes creating, obtaining or deploying malware a criminal offence.

1Computer Systems

1.1Systems Architecture

1.1.1Architecture Introduction

1.1.2Von Neumann Architecture

1.1.3Fetch-Execute Cycle

1.1.4Factors Affecting CPU Performance

1.1.5Elements of Computer Systems

1.1.6Exam-Style Questions - Von Neumann Architecture

1.2Memory & Storage

1.3Computer Networks, Connections & Protocols

1.4Network Security

1.4.1Forms of Attack

1.4.2Malware

1.4.3Social Engineering

1.4.4Phishing

1.4.5Common Active Attacks

1.4.6Information Security

1.4.7SQL Injection

1.4.8Network Administration

1.4.9Protecting Against Malware

1.4.10Authentication & Passwords

1.4.11Encryption

1.4.12End of Topic Test - Networks

1.5Systems Software

1.5.1Types of System Software

1.5.2Operating Systems

1.5.3Operating System Managers

1.5.4File Management

1.5.5Device Management

1.5.6User Management

1.5.7Utility Software: Encryption & Defragmentation

1.5.8Utility Software: Data Compression & Backup

1.6Ethical, Legal, Cultural & Environmental Concern

1.6.1Open Source vs Proprietary Software

1.6.2Licensing Issues

1.6.3Ethical Issues

1.6.4Ethical Issues 2

1.6.5Exam-Style Questions - Ethical Issues

1.6.6Legal Issues

1.6.7Legal Issues 2

1.6.8Freedom of Information Act (2000)

1.6.9Cultural Issues

1.6.10Environmental Issues

1.6.11Positive Environmental Impact

1.6.12Privacy Issues

1.6.13Stakeholders

1.6.14End of Topic Test - Software & Issues

2Computational Thinking, Algorithms and Programming

2.1Algorithms

2.1.1Computational Thinking

2.1.2Algorithmic Thinking

2.1.3Pseudocode & Flow Diagrams

2.1.4Interpreting & Correcting Algorithm

2.1.5Completing Algorithms

2.1.6Search Algorithms

2.1.7Binary Search

2.1.8Overview of Sort Algorithms

2.1.9Bubble Sort & Insertion Sort

2.1.10Merge Sort

2.1.11Exam-Style Questions - Sorting Algorithms

2.2Programming Fundamentals

2.2.1Fundamentals

2.2.2Program Flow 1

2.2.3Program Flow 2

2.2.4Arithmetic & Relational Operators

2.2.5Boolean Operators

2.2.6Data Types

2.2.7Arrays

2.2.8Strings

2.2.9File Handling

2.2.10Structuring Data

2.2.11End of Topic Test - Programming

2.2.12Exam-Style Questions - Translation

2.3Producing Robust Programs

2.3.1Defensive Design Considerations

2.3.2Defensive Design Considerations 2

2.3.3Maintainability

2.3.4Testing

2.3.5Test Plans

2.3.6Error Types

2.3.7End of Topic Test - Programming

2.3.8Exam-Style Questions - Testing

2.4Boolean Logic

2.4.1Computational Logic

2.4.2Boolean Logic

2.4.3Boolean Operators

2.4.4Grade 9 - Logic

2.5Programming Languages & IDEs

2.5.1High-Level vs Low-Level Languages

2.5.2Translation - Compliers & Interpreter

2.5.3Translation - Assemblers

2.5.4Integrated Development Environments

2.5.5Exam-Style Questions - Translation

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