IP Addresses

Just as an address is essential for sending a letter in the post, Internet Protocol (IP) addresses are used to identify where data packets need to be sent to and where they have come from.

IP addresses

IP addresses are used by routers to determine whether a packet's destination is within the current network or not.
- If not, then the router will pass the packet onto the wide area network (WAN), where other routers can use the IP address to figure out where to send the packet.
IP addresses are also used by network applications to specify which device they wish to communicate with.

Properties of an IP address

IP addresses must be unique within the same local area network.
- IP addresses do not need to be universally unique.

Types of IP Address

There are a few different types of IP addresses. This is because IP addresses are not universally unique.

IPv4 vs IPv6

There are two types of IP addresses:
- IPv4 (version 4).
- IPv6 (version 6).
IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers, often displayed as four numbers separated by dots. For example:
- 73 . 124 . 131 . 67.
IPv6 addresses are 128-bit numbers, often displayed as eight groups of four hex digits. For example:
- 2001 : 0db8 : 85a3 : 0000 : 0000 : 8a2e : 0370 : 7334.

Static IP vs dynamic IP

IP addresses can either be static or dynamic.
A device with a static IP address will have the same IP address every time it connects to the network.
A device with a dynamic IP address will be allocated a new IP address every time it connects to the network.
- Dynamic IP addresses are provided by the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server.

Private IP vs public IP

Devices within a local area network (LAN) can have private IP addresses.
- These can be used to exchange data between devices on the LAN.
Routers which connect a LAN to a wide area network (WAN) also have a public IP address.
- These are used when other networks on the WAN want to send data into the LAN of the router.

1Computer Systems

1.1Systems Architecture

1.1.1Architecture Introduction

1.1.2Von Neumann Architecture

1.1.3Fetch-Execute Cycle

1.1.4Factors Affecting CPU Performance

1.1.5Elements of Computer Systems

1.1.6Exam-Style Questions - Von Neumann Architecture

1.2Memory & Storage

1.3Computer Networks, Connections & Protocols

1.4Network Security

1.4.1Forms of Attack

1.4.2Malware

1.4.3Social Engineering

1.4.4Phishing

1.4.5Common Active Attacks

1.4.6Information Security

1.4.7SQL Injection

1.4.8Network Administration

1.4.9Protecting Against Malware

1.4.10Authentication & Passwords

1.4.11Encryption

1.4.12End of Topic Test - Networks

1.5Systems Software

1.5.1Types of System Software

1.5.2Operating Systems

1.5.3Operating System Managers

1.5.4File Management

1.5.5Device Management

1.5.6User Management

1.5.7Utility Software: Encryption & Defragmentation

1.5.8Utility Software: Data Compression & Backup

1.6Ethical, Legal, Cultural & Environmental Concern

1.6.1Open Source vs Proprietary Software

1.6.2Licensing Issues

1.6.3Ethical Issues

1.6.4Ethical Issues 2

1.6.5Exam-Style Questions - Ethical Issues

1.6.6Legal Issues

1.6.7Legal Issues 2

1.6.8Freedom of Information Act (2000)

1.6.9Cultural Issues

1.6.10Environmental Issues

1.6.11Positive Environmental Impact

1.6.12Privacy Issues

1.6.13Stakeholders

1.6.14End of Topic Test - Software & Issues

2Computational Thinking, Algorithms and Programming

2.1Algorithms

2.1.1Computational Thinking

2.1.2Algorithmic Thinking

2.1.3Pseudocode & Flow Diagrams

2.1.4Interpreting & Correcting Algorithm

2.1.5Completing Algorithms

2.1.6Search Algorithms

2.1.7Binary Search

2.1.8Overview of Sort Algorithms

2.1.9Bubble Sort & Insertion Sort

2.1.10Merge Sort

2.1.11Exam-Style Questions - Sorting Algorithms

2.2Programming Fundamentals

2.2.1Fundamentals

2.2.2Program Flow 1

2.2.3Program Flow 2

2.2.4Arithmetic & Relational Operators

2.2.5Boolean Operators

2.2.6Data Types

2.2.7Arrays

2.2.8Strings

2.2.9File Handling

2.2.10Structuring Data

2.2.11End of Topic Test - Programming

2.2.12Exam-Style Questions - Translation

2.3Producing Robust Programs

2.3.1Defensive Design Considerations

2.3.2Defensive Design Considerations 2

2.3.3Maintainability

2.3.4Testing

2.3.5Test Plans

2.3.6Error Types

2.3.7End of Topic Test - Programming

2.3.8Exam-Style Questions - Testing

2.4Boolean Logic

2.4.1Computational Logic

2.4.2Boolean Logic

2.4.3Boolean Operators

2.4.4Grade 9 - Logic

2.5Programming Languages & IDEs

2.5.1High-Level vs Low-Level Languages

2.5.2Translation - Compliers & Interpreter

2.5.3Translation - Assemblers

2.5.4Integrated Development Environments

2.5.5Exam-Style Questions - Translation

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