1.1.5

Elements of Computer Systems

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Elements of Computer Systems

Computer systems are made of hardware and software which work together. Hardware are the physical components of the computer, such as:

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Input/Output (I/O) devices

  • I/O devices allow users to input data into the computer, or receive a data output from the computer.
  • Examples of common I/O devices are:
    • Keyboard.
    • Mouse.
    • Monitor.
    • Speakers.
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Processors

  • A processor is a special component that processes data and instructions to control other components within the computer.
  • The two main types of processor are:
    • Central Processing Unit (CPU).
    • Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).
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Primary storage

  • Primary storage is the memory in which the computer can store the data or instructions that are currently in use.
  • The two main types of primary storage are:
    • Random Access Memory (RAM).
    • Read-Only Memory (ROM).
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Secondary storage

  • Secondary storage is the memory in which the computer can store the data or instructions which are NOT currently in use.
  • Not all computer systems use secondary storage.
  • The main types of secondary storage are:
    • Hard Disk Drive (HDD).
    • Solid State Drive (SSD).
    • Compact Disk (CD).
    • Flash (USB Drive).

Types of Computer System

There are many types of computer system, including:

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General purpose systems

  • General purpose systems are capable of performing many different tasks.
    • E.g. PCs.
    • E.g. Macs.
    • E.g. Smartphones.
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Embedded systems

  • An embedded system is a computer system which is built into another device to support its operation.
    • E.g. Washing machines.
    • E.g. Cameras.
    • E.g. Printers.

Jump to other topics

1Computer Systems

1.1Systems Architecture

1.2Memory & Storage

1.3Computer Networks, Connections & Protocols

1.4Network Security

1.5Systems Software

1.6Ethical, Legal, Cultural & Environmental Concern

2Computational Thinking, Algorithms and Programming

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