6.2.5
Uses of Genetic Modification
Uses of Genetic Engineering
Uses of Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering has many different possible applications, including:
![Illustrative background for Transferring genes into animals](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/6.2.2%20Genetic%20engineering/sheep-2292802_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Transferring genes into animals ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/6.2.2%20Genetic%20engineering/sheep-2292802_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Transferring genes into animals
Transferring genes into animals
- Sheep have had their genomes modified so that their milk contains drugs that can be used to treat human diseases.
![Illustrative background for Transferring genes into plants](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/6.2.2%20Genetic%20engineering/apple-1873078_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Transferring genes into plants ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/6.2.2%20Genetic%20engineering/apple-1873078_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Transferring genes into plants
Transferring genes into plants
- Many genetically modified (GM) crops exist. They have been engineered to have the following characteristics:
- Resistance to diseases, insects, or herbicides.
- Production of larger or ‘better’ fruits.
![Illustrative background for Transferring genes into bacteria](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/1.1.1%20-%20Types%20of%20cells/bacteria,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Transferring genes into bacteria ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/1.1.1%20-%20Types%20of%20cells/bacteria,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Transferring genes into bacteria
Transferring genes into bacteria
- Bacterial DNA has been engineered in such a way that it contains the human insulin gene.
- By creating a colony of this modified bacteria, there can be rapid and cheap production of large quantities of human insulin. This can be used to treat type 1 diabetics.
Advantages of Genetic Engineering
Advantages of Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is an exciting technology that has some potentially groundbreaking uses. These include:
![Illustrative background for Advantages of genetic engineering](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2020-04/eed2d2f6-868a-4778-8079-ddf4feff9a39/6283083426_bb7e7d9c95_c,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Advantages of genetic engineering ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2020-04/eed2d2f6-868a-4778-8079-ddf4feff9a39/6283083426_bb7e7d9c95_c,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Advantages of genetic engineering
Advantages of genetic engineering
- Preventing inherited diseases.
- Improving food production efficiency.
![Illustrative background for Advantages of genetically modified (GM) crops](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/6.2.1%20-%20Variation%20and%20evolution/wheat-field-640960_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Advantages of genetically modified (GM) crops ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/6.2.1%20-%20Variation%20and%20evolution/wheat-field-640960_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Advantages of genetically modified (GM) crops
Advantages of genetically modified (GM) crops
- GM crops generally show increased yields.
- They could help to provide the nutrients that are often missing from the diets of those living in developing nations.
- For example, golden rice can help reduce vitamin A deficiency, which can cause blindness.
- GM crops are popular in some parts of the world and no complications have been experienced so far.
Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering
Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering
Many people object to (disagree with) the use of genetic engineering. Some concerns are:
![Illustrative background for Concerns about genetic engineering](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/1.1%20-%20Cell%20Structure%20nice%20imaefs/1.1.4%20Inherited%20Disorder/robot-2077973_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Concerns about genetic engineering ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/1.1%20-%20Cell%20Structure%20nice%20imaefs/1.1.4%20Inherited%20Disorder/robot-2077973_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Concerns about genetic engineering
Concerns about genetic engineering
- Because it is a relatively recent development, it is uncertain what the long-term effects may be.
- Some consider it unethical to create new life forms or move genes between species.
![Illustrative background for Disadvantages of genetically modified (GM) crops](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/6.2.2%20Genetic%20engineering/dc-comics-1933663_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Disadvantages of genetically modified (GM) crops ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/6.2.2%20Genetic%20engineering/dc-comics-1933663_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Disadvantages of genetically modified (GM) crops
Disadvantages of genetically modified (GM) crops
- Some people expect GM crops to negatively impact wild flower and insect populations, thus reducing biodiversity.
- Some people think that there will be long-term effects of consumption on human health.
- If transplanted genes managed to escape into the natural environment, we could accidentally create a ‘superweed’ that is resistant to herbicides.
1Cell Biology
1.1What's in Cells?
1.1.1Types of Cells
1.1.2Properties of Prokaryotes
1.1.3Standard Form
1.1.4Standard Form - Calculations
1.1.5Addition in Standard Form - Calculations
1.1.6Subtraction in Standard Form - Calculations
1.1.7Multiplication in Standard Form - Calculations
1.1.8Division in Standard Form - Calculations
1.1.9Animal Cells
1.1.10Plant Cells
1.1.11Differences Between Animal & Plant Cells
1.1.12Bacterial Cells
1.1.13Types of Cells HyperLearning
1.1.14Cell Specialisation in Animals
1.1.15Sperm Cells
1.1.16Nerve Cells
1.1.17Muscle Cells
1.1.18Cell Specialisation in Plants
1.1.19Microscopy
1.1.20Developments in Microscopy
1.1.21Microscope Practical
1.1.22Microscopy - Calculations
1.1.23Culturing Microorganisms
1.1.24Contamination
1.1.25Avoiding Contamination
1.1.26Calculating Bacteria
1.1.27Calculating Bacteria - Calculations
1.1.28End of Topic Test - What's in Cells?
1.1.29Exam-Style Questions - Cell Structure & Microscopy
1.2Cell Division
1.3Transport in Cells
1.3.1Diffusion
1.3.2Factors Affecting Diffusion
1.3.3Surface Area : Volume
1.3.4Surface Area : Volume - Calculations
1.3.5Exchange Surfaces
1.3.6Examples of Exchange Surfaces
1.3.7Osmosis
1.3.8Osmosis Practical
1.3.9Active Transport
1.3.10Transport in Cells
1.3.11End of Topic Test - Cell Division & Transport
1.3.12Grade 9 - Cell Transport
2Organisation
2.1Principles of Organisation
2.2Enzymes
2.2.1Enzymes
2.2.2Enzymes HyperFlashcards
2.2.3Rate of Reaction
2.2.4Calculating Rate of Reaction
2.2.5Rate of Reaction - Calculations
2.2.6Digestion
2.2.7Bile
2.2.8Examples of Digestive Enzymes - Amylase
2.2.9Examples of Digestive Enzymes - Protease
2.2.10Examples of Digestive Enzymes - Lipase
2.2.11Testing for Biological Molecules
2.2.12End of Topic Test - Organisation & Enzymes
2.2.13Grade 9 - Enzymes
2.2.14Exam-Style Questions - Enzymes
2.3Circulatory System
2.3.1Types of Blood Vessel
2.3.2Blood Vessels - Arteries
2.3.3Blood Vessels - Capillaries
2.3.4Blood Vessels - Veins
2.3.5The Heart - Structure
2.3.6The Heart - Function
2.3.7Important Blood Vessels
2.3.8Double Circulatory System
2.3.9Gas Exchange
2.3.10Gas exchange - Calculations
2.3.11Alveoli
2.3.12Blood Components
2.3.13Platelets
2.3.14Red Blood Cells
2.3.15White Blood Cells
2.3.16End of Topic Test - Circulatory System
2.4Non-Communicable Diseases
2.4.1Health Issues
2.4.2Disease Interactions
2.4.3Sampling
2.4.4Sampling - Calculations
2.4.5Risk Factors
2.4.6Examples of Risk Factors
2.4.7Risk Factor Graphs
2.4.8Coronary Heart Disease
2.4.9Heart Valve Disease
2.4.10Heart Failure
2.4.11Treating Heart Disease
2.4.12Cancer
2.4.13Cancer Risk Factors
2.4.14End of Topic Test - Non-Communicable Diseases
2.4.15Exam-Style Questions - Coronary Heart Disease
2.5Plant Tissues, Organs & Systems
3Infection & Response
3.1Communicable Disease
3.1.1Spreading Disease
3.1.2Viruses
3.1.3Other Pathogens
3.1.4Human Defence Systems
3.1.5Human Defence Systems 2
3.1.6Grade 9 - Immune System
3.1.7Antibiotics
3.1.8Drug Development
3.1.9Drug Testing
3.1.10Drug Testing / Efficacy - Calculations
3.1.11End of Topic Test - Communicable Diseases
3.1.12Exam-Style Questions - Microorganisms & Disease
3.2Monoclonal Antibodies
4Bioenergetics
4.1Photosynthesis
5Homeostasis & Response
5.1Homeostasis
5.2The Human Nervous System
5.2.1The Nervous System
5.2.2The Nervous System HyperFlashcards
5.2.3Synapses
5.2.4Reflexes
5.2.5Exam-Style Questions - Nervous System
5.2.6The Brain
5.2.7Eye Anatomy
5.2.8Eye Function
5.2.9Control of Body Temperature
5.2.10Warming Up & Cooling Down
5.2.11Body Temperature HyperLearning
5.2.12End of Topic Test - Human Nervous System
5.3Hormonal Coordination in Humans
5.3.1Endocrine System
5.3.2Thyroxine & Adrenaline
5.3.3Blood Glucose
5.3.4Diabetes
5.3.5Control of Water Balance
5.3.6Urine
5.3.7Dialysis
5.3.8Transplants
5.3.9Puberty
5.3.10Menstruation
5.3.11Contraception
5.3.12Contraception 2
5.3.13Hormones for Infertility
5.3.14End of Topic Test - Homeostasis & Hormones
5.3.15Grade 9 - Hormonal Coordination
5.3.16Exam-Style Questions - Hormones & Contraception
6Inheritance, Variation & Evolution
6.1Reproduction
6.1.1Reproduction
6.1.2Reproduction 2
6.1.3Genome
6.1.4DNA
6.1.5Protein Synthesis
6.1.6Genetic Inheritance
6.1.7Genetic Crosses
6.1.8Inherited Disorders
6.1.9Inherited Disorders 2
6.1.10Genetic Crosses - Calculations
6.1.11Genome Screening & Sex Determination
6.1.12End of Topic Test - Reproduction
6.1.13Exam-Style Questions - DNA & Genetics
6.2Variation & Evolution
6.3Genetics & Evolution
7Ecology
7.1Adaptations & Interdependence
7.2Organisation of Ecosystems
7.3Biodiversity
7.4Trophic Levels
Jump to other topics
1Cell Biology
1.1What's in Cells?
1.1.1Types of Cells
1.1.2Properties of Prokaryotes
1.1.3Standard Form
1.1.4Standard Form - Calculations
1.1.5Addition in Standard Form - Calculations
1.1.6Subtraction in Standard Form - Calculations
1.1.7Multiplication in Standard Form - Calculations
1.1.8Division in Standard Form - Calculations
1.1.9Animal Cells
1.1.10Plant Cells
1.1.11Differences Between Animal & Plant Cells
1.1.12Bacterial Cells
1.1.13Types of Cells HyperLearning
1.1.14Cell Specialisation in Animals
1.1.15Sperm Cells
1.1.16Nerve Cells
1.1.17Muscle Cells
1.1.18Cell Specialisation in Plants
1.1.19Microscopy
1.1.20Developments in Microscopy
1.1.21Microscope Practical
1.1.22Microscopy - Calculations
1.1.23Culturing Microorganisms
1.1.24Contamination
1.1.25Avoiding Contamination
1.1.26Calculating Bacteria
1.1.27Calculating Bacteria - Calculations
1.1.28End of Topic Test - What's in Cells?
1.1.29Exam-Style Questions - Cell Structure & Microscopy
1.2Cell Division
1.3Transport in Cells
1.3.1Diffusion
1.3.2Factors Affecting Diffusion
1.3.3Surface Area : Volume
1.3.4Surface Area : Volume - Calculations
1.3.5Exchange Surfaces
1.3.6Examples of Exchange Surfaces
1.3.7Osmosis
1.3.8Osmosis Practical
1.3.9Active Transport
1.3.10Transport in Cells
1.3.11End of Topic Test - Cell Division & Transport
1.3.12Grade 9 - Cell Transport
2Organisation
2.1Principles of Organisation
2.2Enzymes
2.2.1Enzymes
2.2.2Enzymes HyperFlashcards
2.2.3Rate of Reaction
2.2.4Calculating Rate of Reaction
2.2.5Rate of Reaction - Calculations
2.2.6Digestion
2.2.7Bile
2.2.8Examples of Digestive Enzymes - Amylase
2.2.9Examples of Digestive Enzymes - Protease
2.2.10Examples of Digestive Enzymes - Lipase
2.2.11Testing for Biological Molecules
2.2.12End of Topic Test - Organisation & Enzymes
2.2.13Grade 9 - Enzymes
2.2.14Exam-Style Questions - Enzymes
2.3Circulatory System
2.3.1Types of Blood Vessel
2.3.2Blood Vessels - Arteries
2.3.3Blood Vessels - Capillaries
2.3.4Blood Vessels - Veins
2.3.5The Heart - Structure
2.3.6The Heart - Function
2.3.7Important Blood Vessels
2.3.8Double Circulatory System
2.3.9Gas Exchange
2.3.10Gas exchange - Calculations
2.3.11Alveoli
2.3.12Blood Components
2.3.13Platelets
2.3.14Red Blood Cells
2.3.15White Blood Cells
2.3.16End of Topic Test - Circulatory System
2.4Non-Communicable Diseases
2.4.1Health Issues
2.4.2Disease Interactions
2.4.3Sampling
2.4.4Sampling - Calculations
2.4.5Risk Factors
2.4.6Examples of Risk Factors
2.4.7Risk Factor Graphs
2.4.8Coronary Heart Disease
2.4.9Heart Valve Disease
2.4.10Heart Failure
2.4.11Treating Heart Disease
2.4.12Cancer
2.4.13Cancer Risk Factors
2.4.14End of Topic Test - Non-Communicable Diseases
2.4.15Exam-Style Questions - Coronary Heart Disease
2.5Plant Tissues, Organs & Systems
3Infection & Response
3.1Communicable Disease
3.1.1Spreading Disease
3.1.2Viruses
3.1.3Other Pathogens
3.1.4Human Defence Systems
3.1.5Human Defence Systems 2
3.1.6Grade 9 - Immune System
3.1.7Antibiotics
3.1.8Drug Development
3.1.9Drug Testing
3.1.10Drug Testing / Efficacy - Calculations
3.1.11End of Topic Test - Communicable Diseases
3.1.12Exam-Style Questions - Microorganisms & Disease
3.2Monoclonal Antibodies
4Bioenergetics
4.1Photosynthesis
5Homeostasis & Response
5.1Homeostasis
5.2The Human Nervous System
5.2.1The Nervous System
5.2.2The Nervous System HyperFlashcards
5.2.3Synapses
5.2.4Reflexes
5.2.5Exam-Style Questions - Nervous System
5.2.6The Brain
5.2.7Eye Anatomy
5.2.8Eye Function
5.2.9Control of Body Temperature
5.2.10Warming Up & Cooling Down
5.2.11Body Temperature HyperLearning
5.2.12End of Topic Test - Human Nervous System
5.3Hormonal Coordination in Humans
5.3.1Endocrine System
5.3.2Thyroxine & Adrenaline
5.3.3Blood Glucose
5.3.4Diabetes
5.3.5Control of Water Balance
5.3.6Urine
5.3.7Dialysis
5.3.8Transplants
5.3.9Puberty
5.3.10Menstruation
5.3.11Contraception
5.3.12Contraception 2
5.3.13Hormones for Infertility
5.3.14End of Topic Test - Homeostasis & Hormones
5.3.15Grade 9 - Hormonal Coordination
5.3.16Exam-Style Questions - Hormones & Contraception
6Inheritance, Variation & Evolution
6.1Reproduction
6.1.1Reproduction
6.1.2Reproduction 2
6.1.3Genome
6.1.4DNA
6.1.5Protein Synthesis
6.1.6Genetic Inheritance
6.1.7Genetic Crosses
6.1.8Inherited Disorders
6.1.9Inherited Disorders 2
6.1.10Genetic Crosses - Calculations
6.1.11Genome Screening & Sex Determination
6.1.12End of Topic Test - Reproduction
6.1.13Exam-Style Questions - DNA & Genetics
6.2Variation & Evolution
6.3Genetics & Evolution
7Ecology
7.1Adaptations & Interdependence
7.2Organisation of Ecosystems
7.3Biodiversity
7.4Trophic Levels
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