2.1.10

Mary I & Relations with Foreign Powers

Test yourself

Relations with Foreign Powers

England's relations with foreign powers was largely determined by Mary I's marriage to Philip of Spain. This thrust England into war.

Illustrative background for Spanish interestsIllustrative background for Spanish interests ?? "content

Spanish interests

  • At the end of Edward VI's reign, England was on peaceful terms with France.
  • Philip II wanted England to declare war on France to support Spain.
  • This demonstrated that Philip II was placing Spain's interests above England's.
Illustrative background for Declaring war on FranceIllustrative background for Declaring war on France ?? "content

Declaring war on France

  • In 1557, England declared war on France and sent troops to join Spanish forces.
  • Spanish and English forces defeated France at the Battle of Saint-Quentin. But Spain did not have the money to secure a victory.
Illustrative background for England's militaryIllustrative background for England's military ?? "content

England's military

  • The Militia Act of 1558 improved the raising of troops.
  • Lord Lieutenants were in charge of raising troops in each county. They had been used before but became permanent.
  • JPs and Commissioners of Muster would also help in this task
  • This replaced the traditional feudal way of raising an army that relied on local nobility. Although Lord Lieutenants were nobles, they were appointed by the Crown and could lose their posts.
  • The Royal Navy increased from three warships in 1555 to 21 by 1557.
Illustrative background for French responseIllustrative background for French response ?? "content

French response

  • In 1558, France seized Calais from England.
  • This was humiliating for Mary I.
  • Calais ensured England had a position on the continent. The loss of it meant England lost political power in Europe.

Jump to other topics

1Consolidation of the Tudor Dynasty 1485-1547

2England: Turmoil & Triumph 1547-1603

Go student ad image

Unlock your full potential with GoStudent tutoring

  • Affordable 1:1 tutoring from the comfort of your home

  • Tutors are matched to your specific learning needs

  • 30+ school subjects covered

Book a free trial lesson