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Multiplication by a 1 Digit Number

Maths: Year 5 & 6 National Curriculum, topic 1.3.7

Multiply Using Column Method

You need to use column multiplication when you multiply with larger numbers. Let's have a look at how to answer 4,372 × 8.

Start with the 'ones'

Start with the 'ones'

  • Just like with column addition and subtraction, you start with the 'ones' column.
Start with the 'ones'

Start with the 'ones'

  • First work out 2 'ones' × 8 = 16 'ones'.
  • You cannot put in 16 'ones' in your answer.
  • You need to place the 6 in the answer for the 'ones' and carry 10 (from the 16) to the 'tens' column.
Multiply the 'tens'

Multiply the 'tens'

  • Next, work out 7 'tens' × 8 = 54 'tens'.
  • But don't forget that 1 'ten' has been carried from the 'ones' column. 54 + 1 = 55.
  • You cannot put in 55 'tens' in your answer.
  • You need to place the 5 in the answer for the 'tens' and carry 5 (from the 55) to the 'hundreds' column.
Multiply the 'hundreds'

Multiply the 'hundreds'

  • Next, work out 3 'hundreds' × 8 = 24 'hundreds'.
  • But don't forget that 5 'hundreds' have been carried from the 'tens' column. 24 + 5 = 29.
  • You cannot put in 29 'hundreds' in your answer.
  • You need to place the 9 in the answer for the 'hundreds' and carry 2 (from the 29) to the 'thousands' column.
Multiply the 'thousands'

Multiply the 'thousands'

  • Next, work out 4 'thousands' × 8 = 32 'thousands'.
  • But don't forget that 2 'thousands' have been carried from the 'hundreds' column. 32 + 2 = 34.
  • You cannot put in 34 'thousands' in your answer.
  • You need to place the 4 in the answer for the 'thousands' and carry 3 (from the 34) to the 'ten thousands' column.
The 'ten thousands' column

The 'ten thousands' column

  • There are no other numbers to multiply by 8.
  • So the 3 'ten thousands' you carried from the 'thousands' can be added into the answer in the 'ten thousands' column.
The answer

The answer

  • The answer to 4,372 × 8 = 34,956.

Test yourself on Multiplication by a 1 Digit Number

  • What goes in the answer for the 'ones' column?

  • What number is carried from the 'ones' column into the 'tens' column?

  • What goes in the answer for the 'tens' column?

  • What is carried from the 'tens' column into the 'hundreds' column?

  • What goes in the answer for the 'hundreds' column?

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