2.4.3

Invasion of Abyssinia, 1935

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Invasion of Abyssinia, 1935

Mussolini's invasion of Abyssinia and the subsequent reaction of the League of Nations and the members within it showed how weak and divided the League really was.

Italian Empire

Italian Empire

Mussolini (right wing, fascist leader of Italy) wanted to create an empire for his country.
He promised his people he would recreate the Roman Empire.
In order to do this, he planned to invade Abyssinia in Africa.

Abyssinia

Abyssinia

Mussolini wanted Abyssinia because:
- It was rich in natural resources.
- Italy had neighbouring colonies in Africa.
- He wanted revenge for a previous failed attempt at taking them over in 1896.

The Stresa Front

The Stresa Front

In 1935 Great Britain and France signed the Stresa Front with Mussolini.
This treaty stated that all 3 countries would join forces against Hitler if he attacked them.
Mussolini saw this as a green light to do as he wished and he invaded Abyssinia.
He thought if Britain & France were scared of Hitler.
Then they would let him do whatever he wanted in Africa, because they wanted his support against Germany.

Reactions of the League

Reactions of the League

The League tried to stop Mussolini but he refused to listen.
The League placed Italy under some economic sanctions.
- But they didn't use the strongest sanctions that would have harmed Italy more.
The League banned its members from selling weapons to Italy.
- But they still allowed Italy to buy fuel (oil) and raw materials from members.
- Fuel, metals and other raw materials were needed for their military campaign in Abyssinia.

The Hoare Laval Pact 1935

The Hoare Laval Pact 1935

In secret, the Hoare Laval Pact 1935 was signed by the British, French and Italians.
This treaty allowed Mussolini to invade Abyssinia.

Impact on the League

Impact on the League

This destroyed any power the League of Nations had.
It also showed that the League’s own members didn’t adhere to the covenant of the League and they were just out for themselves.

1

Was the Treaty of Versailles Fair?

1.1

What were the Motives and Aims at Versailles?

1.1.1The Treaty of Versailles 1.1.2Roles of Wilson, Clemenceau & George

1.2

Did the Victors Get Everything They Wanted?

1.2.1The Terms: Territory 1.2.2The Terms: Reparations 1.2.3The Terms: Armaments 1.2.4The Terms: War Guilt 1.2.5The League of Nations 1.2.6French Reaction 1.2.7American Reaction 1.2.8British Reaction 1.2.9Countries Left Out of the Treaty of Versailles

1.3

What was the Impact on Germany up to 1923?

1.3.1German Reaction to the Treaty 1.3.2Germany’s Allies 1.3.3Economic Impacts: Ruhr & Hyperinflation 1.3.4Social Impacts of the Treaty in Germany 1.3.5Political Impacts of the Treaty on Germany 1.3.6Reducing Reparation: The Dawes Plan

1.4

Could the Treaty be Justified at the Time?

1.4.1Positives & Negatives 1.4.2Contemporary Opinions About the Treaty

2

Was the League of Nations a Success?

2.1

How did Weaknesses in the League Lead to Failure?

2.1.1The League of Nations 2.1.2Structure of the League: Assembly & Council 2.1.3Structure of the League: Special Commissions 2.1.4Structure of the League: Permanent Court 2.1.5Structure of the League: Secretariat 2.1.6Financial Crisis in the World

2.2

The League’s Success in Peacekeeping

2.2.1Successes: International Borders 2.2.2Successes: International Agreements 2.2.3Failures: Vilna (1920)2.2.4Åland Islands 1920-21 2.2.5Failures: Corfu 1923 2.2.6Failures: Bulgaria 1925

2.3

How Important was the League's Humanitarian Work?

2.3.1Refugees, Health, Slavery, Working Conditions 1 2.3.2Refugees, Health, Slavery, Working Conditions 2

2.4

How did the Depression Impact the League?

2.4.1The Great Depression, 1929 2.4.2The Manchurian Crisis, 1931 2.4.3Invasion of Abyssinia, 1935

3

How did Hitler's Foreign Policy Impact the War?

3.1

What were the Long-Term Consequences of Versailles

3.1.1Long-Term Consequences of Versailles

3.2

What were the Consequences of the League's Failure

3.2.1The Disarmament Conference 3.2.2Collapse of the League of Nations 3.2.3Tension in Europe in the 1930s 3.2.4WWII & Failure of the League of Nations 3.2.5Weak Nations

3.3

Was the Policy of Appeasement Justified?

3.3.1The Spanish Civil War, 1936-39 3.3.2The Sudetenland 3.3.3Arguments for Appeasement 3.3.4Arguments Against Appeasement 3.3.5Reasons & Acts of Appeasement 3.3.6Impact of Appeasement

3.4

How Important was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

3.4.1The Nazi-Soviet Pact 3.4.2The Polish Crisis & the Outbreak of War

3.5

Why did Britain & France Declare War on Germany?

3.5.1The Guarantee for Poland and the War 3.5.2Hitler’s Foreign Policy & Rearmament 3.5.3Hitler's Plan 3.5.4The Saar 3.5.5Remilitarisation of the Rhineland 3.5.6The Rome-Berlin Axis 3.5.7Germany & Italy in the Spanish War 3.5.8The Anti-Comintern Pact 3.5.9Anschluss with Austria 3.5.10The Munich Agreement 3.5.11The Crisis over Czechoslovakia

4

Who was to Blame for the Cold War?

4.1

Why did the US-Soviet Alliance Break Down?

4.1.1Cold War - Definition 4.1.2The Grand Alliance 4.1.3The 1945 Summit Conferences 4.1.4Early US-Soviet Relations 4.1.5The Breakdown of the US-Soviet Alliance 4.1.6Attitudes of Truman & Stalin 4.1.7US & Soviet Attitudes to Peace

4.2

How did the USSR Gain Control of Eastern Europe?

4.2.1The USSR & Eastern Europe

4.3

How did the US React to Soviet Expansionism?

4.3.1The Beginning of the Cold War 4.3.2The Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan 4.3.3East-West Boundaries 4.3.4Berlin Crisis

4.4

What were the Consequences of the Berlin Blockade?

4.4.1Germany 4.4.2Bizonia 4.4.3Berlin Blockade 4.4.4FRG & GDR 4.4.5NATO 4.4.6Warsaw Pact

4.5

Who was More to Blame for Starting the Cold War?

4.5.1The Responsibility for Cold War Tensions 4.5.2Blame on the USRR 4.5.3Blame on the US 4.5.4Sharing the Blame

5

Did the US Contain the Spread of Communism?

5.1

The US and Korea, 1950-53

5.1.1The US and Korea: Background to the Crisis 5.1.2The Korean War 5.1.3The Course of the Korean War

5.2

The US and Cuba, 1959-62

5.2.1Build-Up to the Cuban Missile Crisis 5.2.2The Cuban Missile Crisis 5.2.3Consequence of the Cuban Missile Crisis

5.3

The US and Vietnam, 1955-75

5.3.1French Rule in Vietnam 5.3.2President Eisenhower 5.3.3President Kennedy 5.3.4The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, 1964 5.3.5US Tactics 5.3.6Vietcong Tactics 5.3.7The Vietcong 5.3.8The My Lai Massacre, 1968 5.3.9Vietnamisation 5.3.10The Tet Offensive, 1968 5.3.11Attacks on Cambodia & Laos 5.3.12The Bombing of North Vietnam 5.3.13The Failure of Vietnamisation 5.3.14The Growth of Opposition 5.3.15The Draft System 5.3.16The Kent State University Shootings, 1970 5.3.17Political Opposition 5.3.18Reasons for Support 1 5.3.19Reasons for Support 2 5.3.20Political Support 5.3.21Peace Negotiations 5.3.22The Paris Peace Accords, 1973 5.3.23Economic & Human Costs 1 5.3.24Economic & Human Costs 2 5.3.25The Strengths of North Vietnam 1 5.3.26The Strengths of North Vietnam 2 5.3.27The Weaknesses of the US 1 5.3.28The Weaknesses of the US 2 5.3.29Opposition in the US 5.3.30Reasons Why USA Lost

6

How was USSR's Control Over Eastern Europe?

6.1

Opposition to Control in Hungary & Czechoslovakia

6.1.1Causes of Opposition 6.1.2The Hungarian Uprising 6.1.3Czechoslovakia, 1968 6.1.4Reaction to the Brezhnev Doctrine

6.2

Similarities Between Hungary & Czechoslovakia

6.2.1Hungary and Czechoslovakia 1 6.2.2Hungary & Czechoslovakia 2

6.3

Why was the Berlin Wall Built?

6.3.1The Berlin Wall 1 6.3.2The Berlin Wall 2 6.3.3The U2 Crisis

6.4

Solidarity in Poland & Soviet Influence

6.4.1Solidarity in Poland

6.5

Gorbachev's Responsibility

6.5.1Reagan & Gorbachev 6.5.2Reagan and the ‘Second Cold War’6.5.3The Collapse of Soviet Control 6.5.4The Collapse of the USSR

Jump to other topics

1

Was the Treaty of Versailles Fair?

1.1

What were the Motives and Aims at Versailles?

1.1.1The Treaty of Versailles 1.1.2Roles of Wilson, Clemenceau & George

1.2

Did the Victors Get Everything They Wanted?

1.2.1The Terms: Territory 1.2.2The Terms: Reparations 1.2.3The Terms: Armaments 1.2.4The Terms: War Guilt 1.2.5The League of Nations 1.2.6French Reaction 1.2.7American Reaction 1.2.8British Reaction 1.2.9Countries Left Out of the Treaty of Versailles

1.3

What was the Impact on Germany up to 1923?

1.3.1German Reaction to the Treaty 1.3.2Germany’s Allies 1.3.3Economic Impacts: Ruhr & Hyperinflation 1.3.4Social Impacts of the Treaty in Germany 1.3.5Political Impacts of the Treaty on Germany 1.3.6Reducing Reparation: The Dawes Plan

1.4

Could the Treaty be Justified at the Time?

1.4.1Positives & Negatives 1.4.2Contemporary Opinions About the Treaty

2

Was the League of Nations a Success?

2.1

How did Weaknesses in the League Lead to Failure?

2.1.1The League of Nations 2.1.2Structure of the League: Assembly & Council 2.1.3Structure of the League: Special Commissions 2.1.4Structure of the League: Permanent Court 2.1.5Structure of the League: Secretariat 2.1.6Financial Crisis in the World

2.2

The League’s Success in Peacekeeping

2.2.1Successes: International Borders 2.2.2Successes: International Agreements 2.2.3Failures: Vilna (1920)2.2.4Åland Islands 1920-21 2.2.5Failures: Corfu 1923 2.2.6Failures: Bulgaria 1925

2.3

How Important was the League's Humanitarian Work?

2.3.1Refugees, Health, Slavery, Working Conditions 1 2.3.2Refugees, Health, Slavery, Working Conditions 2

2.4

How did the Depression Impact the League?

2.4.1The Great Depression, 1929 2.4.2The Manchurian Crisis, 1931 2.4.3Invasion of Abyssinia, 1935

3

How did Hitler's Foreign Policy Impact the War?

3.1

What were the Long-Term Consequences of Versailles

3.1.1Long-Term Consequences of Versailles

3.2

What were the Consequences of the League's Failure

3.2.1The Disarmament Conference 3.2.2Collapse of the League of Nations 3.2.3Tension in Europe in the 1930s 3.2.4WWII & Failure of the League of Nations 3.2.5Weak Nations

3.3

Was the Policy of Appeasement Justified?

3.3.1The Spanish Civil War, 1936-39 3.3.2The Sudetenland 3.3.3Arguments for Appeasement 3.3.4Arguments Against Appeasement 3.3.5Reasons & Acts of Appeasement 3.3.6Impact of Appeasement

3.4

How Important was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

3.4.1The Nazi-Soviet Pact 3.4.2The Polish Crisis & the Outbreak of War

3.5

Why did Britain & France Declare War on Germany?

3.5.1The Guarantee for Poland and the War 3.5.2Hitler’s Foreign Policy & Rearmament 3.5.3Hitler's Plan 3.5.4The Saar 3.5.5Remilitarisation of the Rhineland 3.5.6The Rome-Berlin Axis 3.5.7Germany & Italy in the Spanish War 3.5.8The Anti-Comintern Pact 3.5.9Anschluss with Austria 3.5.10The Munich Agreement 3.5.11The Crisis over Czechoslovakia

4

Who was to Blame for the Cold War?

4.1

Why did the US-Soviet Alliance Break Down?

4.1.1Cold War - Definition 4.1.2The Grand Alliance 4.1.3The 1945 Summit Conferences 4.1.4Early US-Soviet Relations 4.1.5The Breakdown of the US-Soviet Alliance 4.1.6Attitudes of Truman & Stalin 4.1.7US & Soviet Attitudes to Peace

4.2

How did the USSR Gain Control of Eastern Europe?

4.2.1The USSR & Eastern Europe

4.3

How did the US React to Soviet Expansionism?

4.3.1The Beginning of the Cold War 4.3.2The Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan 4.3.3East-West Boundaries 4.3.4Berlin Crisis

4.4

What were the Consequences of the Berlin Blockade?

4.4.1Germany 4.4.2Bizonia 4.4.3Berlin Blockade 4.4.4FRG & GDR 4.4.5NATO 4.4.6Warsaw Pact

4.5

Who was More to Blame for Starting the Cold War?

4.5.1The Responsibility for Cold War Tensions 4.5.2Blame on the USRR 4.5.3Blame on the US 4.5.4Sharing the Blame

5

Did the US Contain the Spread of Communism?

5.1

The US and Korea, 1950-53

5.1.1The US and Korea: Background to the Crisis 5.1.2The Korean War 5.1.3The Course of the Korean War

5.2

The US and Cuba, 1959-62

5.2.1Build-Up to the Cuban Missile Crisis 5.2.2The Cuban Missile Crisis 5.2.3Consequence of the Cuban Missile Crisis

5.3

The US and Vietnam, 1955-75

5.3.1French Rule in Vietnam 5.3.2President Eisenhower 5.3.3President Kennedy 5.3.4The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, 1964 5.3.5US Tactics 5.3.6Vietcong Tactics 5.3.7The Vietcong 5.3.8The My Lai Massacre, 1968 5.3.9Vietnamisation 5.3.10The Tet Offensive, 1968 5.3.11Attacks on Cambodia & Laos 5.3.12The Bombing of North Vietnam 5.3.13The Failure of Vietnamisation 5.3.14The Growth of Opposition 5.3.15The Draft System 5.3.16The Kent State University Shootings, 1970 5.3.17Political Opposition 5.3.18Reasons for Support 1 5.3.19Reasons for Support 2 5.3.20Political Support 5.3.21Peace Negotiations 5.3.22The Paris Peace Accords, 1973 5.3.23Economic & Human Costs 1 5.3.24Economic & Human Costs 2 5.3.25The Strengths of North Vietnam 1 5.3.26The Strengths of North Vietnam 2 5.3.27The Weaknesses of the US 1 5.3.28The Weaknesses of the US 2 5.3.29Opposition in the US 5.3.30Reasons Why USA Lost

6

How was USSR's Control Over Eastern Europe?

6.1

Opposition to Control in Hungary & Czechoslovakia

6.1.1Causes of Opposition 6.1.2The Hungarian Uprising 6.1.3Czechoslovakia, 1968 6.1.4Reaction to the Brezhnev Doctrine

6.2

Similarities Between Hungary & Czechoslovakia

6.2.1Hungary and Czechoslovakia 1 6.2.2Hungary & Czechoslovakia 2

6.3

Why was the Berlin Wall Built?

6.3.1The Berlin Wall 1 6.3.2The Berlin Wall 2 6.3.3The U2 Crisis

6.4

Solidarity in Poland & Soviet Influence

6.4.1Solidarity in Poland

6.5

Gorbachev's Responsibility

6.5.1Reagan & Gorbachev 6.5.2Reagan and the ‘Second Cold War’6.5.3The Collapse of Soviet Control 6.5.4The Collapse of the USSR

Practice questions on Invasion of Abyssinia, 1935

Can you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.

1
When did Italy invade Abyssinia?Multiple choice
2
Where is Abyssinia?Multiple choice
3
Reasons Mussolini wanted Abyssinia:Fill in the list
4
In the 1930s, Mussolini sought to expand Italy’s power by invading Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) <br><br> What empire did Mussolini want to recreate with this invasion? Multiple choice
5
The Stresa Front was an alliance between Britain, France, and Italy aimed at opposing Hitler’s Germany. <br><br> How did the Stresa Front influence Mussolini's decision to invade Abyssinia in 1935? Multiple choice

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The Manchurian Crisis, 1931

Long-Term Consequences of Versailles