1.4.5
Case Study: Chile
Chile Earthquake 2010
Chile Earthquake 2010
A shallow focussed earthquake of magnitude 8.8 affected Chile in February 2010. Chile is a middle-income country.


What happened in the earthquake?
What happened in the earthquake?
- Chile is a middle-income country. This had an impact on the effects and responses to the earthquake.
- E.g. foreign aid wasn’t needed to enable Chile to recover.
- The earthquake was caused by the subduction of the Nazca Plate under the South American Plate.
- The epicentre of the earthquake was just off the coast of Chile.


Primary effects
Primary effects
- The primary effects of the earthquake were:
- 500 people were killed.
- US$30 billion of damage.


Secondary effects
Secondary effects
- Secondary effects of the earthquake included:
- Coastal areas were flooded by a tsunami.
- Landslides blocked some roads.


Responses to the earthquake
Responses to the earthquake
- The immediate responses included:
- A rapid response by emergency services.
- Main roads were repaired within a day.
- 30,000 emergency shelters were built.
- Long-term responses included:
- A reconstruction plan to help 200,000 households.
1Physical Geography
1.1River Environments
1.1.1Weathering
1.1.2Mass Movement
1.1.3Erosion
1.1.4Transportation
1.1.5Deposition
1.1.6River Landforms: Waterfalls & Gorges
1.1.7River Landforms: Interlocking Spurs
1.1.8River Landforms: Flood Plains
1.1.9River Landforms: Point Bars
1.1.10River Landforms: Levees
1.1.11River Landforms: Meanders
1.1.12River Landforms: Oxbow Lakes
1.1.13River Landscape Changes: Long Profile
1.1.14River Landscape Changes: Cross Profile
1.1.15Vertical & Lateral Erosion
1.1.16Flood Risk Factors
1.1.17Human Activities on Rivers
1.1.18River Management: Hard Engineering
1.1.19River Management: Soft Engineering
1.1.20Case Study: The River Eden - Landforms
1.1.21Case Study: The River Eden - Climate
1.1.22Case Study: The River Eden - Geology
1.1.23Case Study: The River Eden - Management
1.1.24Case Study: The River Eden - Human Activity
1.1.25End of Topic Test - River Environments
1.2Coastal Environments
1.2.1Weathering
1.2.2Mass Movement
1.2.3Erosion
1.2.4Deposition
1.2.5Longshore Drift
1.2.6Sediment Transportation
1.2.7Wave Action on Coasts
1.2.8Other Factors Influencing Coasts
1.2.9Coastal Landforms: Wave-cut Platforms & Cliffs
1.2.10Coastal Landforms: Headlands & Bays
1.2.11Coastal Landforms: Caves, Arches & Stacks
1.2.12Coastal Deposition
1.2.13Spits, Bars & Sand Dunes
1.2.14Human Activity on Coasts
1.2.15Coastal Defences: Hard Engineering
1.2.16Coastal Defences: Soft Engineering
1.2.17Coastal Defences: Managed Retreat
1.2.18Case Study: Holderness Coast Overview
1.2.19Case Study: Holderness Coast Management
1.2.20Case Study: Holderness Coast Defences
1.2.21End of Topic Test - Coastal Environments
1.3Hazardous Environments - Tropical Cyclones
1.3.1Characteristics of a Tropical Cyclone
1.3.2Structure of a Tropical Cyclone
1.3.3Physical Hazards of Tropical Cyclones
1.3.4The Impacts of Tropical Cyclones
1.3.5Responses to Tropical Cyclones
1.3.6Vulnerability to Tropical Cyclones
1.3.7Preparing for Tropical Cyclones
1.3.8Case Study: Katrina
1.3.9Case Study: Nargis
2Human Geography
2.1Economic Activity & Energy
2.2Rural Environments
3Global Issues
3.1Fragile Environments & Climate Change
3.2Globalisation & Migration
3.2.1Globalisation - Transport
3.2.2Globalisation - Communication Networks & Banking
3.2.3Push & Pull Factors
3.2.4TNCs & Globalisation
3.2.5Tourism Landscapes
3.2.6The Growth of Tourism
3.2.7The Economic Benefits of Tourism
3.2.8The Social & Cultural Benefits of Tourism
3.2.9The Economic Costs of Tourism
3.2.10The Social & Cultural Costs of Tourism
3.2.11Managing Tourism - Sustainability
3.2.12Managing Tourism - Quotas & Tourism Hubs
3.3Development & Human Welfare
3.3.1Ways of Defining Development
3.3.2Different Ways of Measuring Development
3.3.3Environmental Factors Causing Uneven Development
3.3.4Historical Factors Causing Uneven Development
3.3.5Economic Factors Causing Uneven Development
3.3.6Patterns of Development
3.3.7How Can we Reduce the Global Development Gap?
3.3.8Top-Down & Bottom-Up Development
Jump to other topics
1Physical Geography
1.1River Environments
1.1.1Weathering
1.1.2Mass Movement
1.1.3Erosion
1.1.4Transportation
1.1.5Deposition
1.1.6River Landforms: Waterfalls & Gorges
1.1.7River Landforms: Interlocking Spurs
1.1.8River Landforms: Flood Plains
1.1.9River Landforms: Point Bars
1.1.10River Landforms: Levees
1.1.11River Landforms: Meanders
1.1.12River Landforms: Oxbow Lakes
1.1.13River Landscape Changes: Long Profile
1.1.14River Landscape Changes: Cross Profile
1.1.15Vertical & Lateral Erosion
1.1.16Flood Risk Factors
1.1.17Human Activities on Rivers
1.1.18River Management: Hard Engineering
1.1.19River Management: Soft Engineering
1.1.20Case Study: The River Eden - Landforms
1.1.21Case Study: The River Eden - Climate
1.1.22Case Study: The River Eden - Geology
1.1.23Case Study: The River Eden - Management
1.1.24Case Study: The River Eden - Human Activity
1.1.25End of Topic Test - River Environments
1.2Coastal Environments
1.2.1Weathering
1.2.2Mass Movement
1.2.3Erosion
1.2.4Deposition
1.2.5Longshore Drift
1.2.6Sediment Transportation
1.2.7Wave Action on Coasts
1.2.8Other Factors Influencing Coasts
1.2.9Coastal Landforms: Wave-cut Platforms & Cliffs
1.2.10Coastal Landforms: Headlands & Bays
1.2.11Coastal Landforms: Caves, Arches & Stacks
1.2.12Coastal Deposition
1.2.13Spits, Bars & Sand Dunes
1.2.14Human Activity on Coasts
1.2.15Coastal Defences: Hard Engineering
1.2.16Coastal Defences: Soft Engineering
1.2.17Coastal Defences: Managed Retreat
1.2.18Case Study: Holderness Coast Overview
1.2.19Case Study: Holderness Coast Management
1.2.20Case Study: Holderness Coast Defences
1.2.21End of Topic Test - Coastal Environments
1.3Hazardous Environments - Tropical Cyclones
1.3.1Characteristics of a Tropical Cyclone
1.3.2Structure of a Tropical Cyclone
1.3.3Physical Hazards of Tropical Cyclones
1.3.4The Impacts of Tropical Cyclones
1.3.5Responses to Tropical Cyclones
1.3.6Vulnerability to Tropical Cyclones
1.3.7Preparing for Tropical Cyclones
1.3.8Case Study: Katrina
1.3.9Case Study: Nargis
2Human Geography
2.1Economic Activity & Energy
2.2Rural Environments
3Global Issues
3.1Fragile Environments & Climate Change
3.2Globalisation & Migration
3.2.1Globalisation - Transport
3.2.2Globalisation - Communication Networks & Banking
3.2.3Push & Pull Factors
3.2.4TNCs & Globalisation
3.2.5Tourism Landscapes
3.2.6The Growth of Tourism
3.2.7The Economic Benefits of Tourism
3.2.8The Social & Cultural Benefits of Tourism
3.2.9The Economic Costs of Tourism
3.2.10The Social & Cultural Costs of Tourism
3.2.11Managing Tourism - Sustainability
3.2.12Managing Tourism - Quotas & Tourism Hubs
3.3Development & Human Welfare
3.3.1Ways of Defining Development
3.3.2Different Ways of Measuring Development
3.3.3Environmental Factors Causing Uneven Development
3.3.4Historical Factors Causing Uneven Development
3.3.5Economic Factors Causing Uneven Development
3.3.6Patterns of Development
3.3.7How Can we Reduce the Global Development Gap?
3.3.8Top-Down & Bottom-Up Development
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