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Instrumentation and Texture

The piece is played by a full symphony orchestra.

Instrumentation

Instrumentation

  • The piece is played by a full symphony orchestra.
  • Brass instruments play the fanfare.
The Sections

The Sections

  • The A Section is dominated by the brass.
  • The B Section is contrasting with the woodwind taking the lead.
Rhythm

Rhythm

  • There is a tutti marking at bar 42 which means ‘everyone play’.
  • This is accompanied by a driving march rhythm played by the timpani.
  • The march rhythms reflect the military link.
The B Section

The B Section

  • During the B Section where the woodwinds take the lead there is a high piccolo melody line with accompaniment from the harp.
  • Also during the B Section there are trills (a type of ornamentation) on the note C played by the flutes which add to the drama.
Texture

Texture

  • Overall the texture is homophonic where there are lead melody parts with accompaniment from the rest of the orchestra.

Harmony

4ths and 7ths are important intervals for Williams and these can be seen in many parts.

Intervals

Intervals

  • 4ths and 7ths are important intervals for Williams and these can be seen in many parts.
  • For example bar 2 where the chords are built on fourths.
  • Where the harmony is built on 4th this is called quartal harmony and can be seen throughout the set work.
The Neapolitan chord

The Neapolitan chord

  • The Neapolitan chord can be seen, which is a flattened supertonic chord.
  • Here in the key of C (bars 53-56) the supertonic is D and a flattened supertonic is Db.
  • The use of this chord removes any sense of key and is a good contrast to the strong and heroic features that can also be heard.
Dominant pedal

Dominant pedal

  • Bar 11 sees a dominant pedal (a repeated note on the 5th degree of the scale) which adds to the march feel and drives the melody along.
Chromatic chords

Chromatic chords

  • Chromatic chords can be seen in bar 33.
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