2.2.2
Early Migration
Early Migration
Early Migration
In 1850 the population of America was 23 million. This included 4 million black people, many of whom were enslaved.
The Civil War
The Civil War
- Prior to the Civil War, many black people found it difficult to escape the South. However, afterwards, many black people migrated to the North.
- People in the North feared that this influx of black people would threaten their way of life.
- Many Northern employers did not hire black people.
- Immediately after the Civil War, conditions for black people improved slightly in the South so the desire for migration decreased.
- This was also because generally, black people had agricultural skills, not industrial skills that they needed for work in the North.
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws
- By 1877, with the increased use of Jim Crow laws, black peoples' desire to migrate North recommenced.
- In 1879, 20,000 black people moved from the South to Kansas in search of a better life.
- Between 1880-1900 many black people migrated from the South to Chicago. The population of Chicago rose from 6,480 to 30,150 in this period.
- The population of New York rose from 65,000 to 100,000.
- The migration of black people exposed the whole of America to the issues of racism and made the population more aware of the civil rights debate.
Racism and Race Riots
Racism and Race Riots
- The migration of black people scared the white Northerners who believed it could result in them losing their jobs. This caused racism to spread.
- In New York, the black people population in 1900 made up 1% of the total population but this was enough to lead white people to start a race riot.
- Riots erupted across the North. In New York, a mob of white men stated their intent to ‘clean the side streets of Negroes’ and this was supported by the predominately Irish police.
Voting rights
Voting rights
- Due to the increasing migration of black people, Northern states started to make it difficult for black people to gain the vote.
- The Northern states also promoted de facto segregation in schools, excluded black people from trade unions, landlords refused to rent to black people and landowners refused to sell property to black people.
1‘Free at Last’ 1865-77
1.1The Thirteenth Amendment
1.2Radical Reconstruction, 1867-77
2The Triumph of ‘Jim Crow’ 1883-c1890
2.1Jim Crow Laws & Civil Rights Cases
3The New Deal and Race Relations, 1933–41
3.1Failure to Address Black Grievances
3.2The New Deal
3.3The Second World War
4‘I have a dream’, 1954–68
4.1Civil Rights Activities, 1954–63
4.2Civil Rights 1964-68
4.3Malcolm X & The Black Panthers
5Obama's Campaign for the Presidency, 2004–09
5.1The Late 20th Century
5.2Barack Obama & his Political Career
5.3Reasons for Obama's Victory
Jump to other topics
1‘Free at Last’ 1865-77
1.1The Thirteenth Amendment
1.2Radical Reconstruction, 1867-77
2The Triumph of ‘Jim Crow’ 1883-c1890
2.1Jim Crow Laws & Civil Rights Cases
3The New Deal and Race Relations, 1933–41
3.1Failure to Address Black Grievances
3.2The New Deal
3.3The Second World War
4‘I have a dream’, 1954–68
4.1Civil Rights Activities, 1954–63
4.2Civil Rights 1964-68
4.3Malcolm X & The Black Panthers
5Obama's Campaign for the Presidency, 2004–09
5.1The Late 20th Century
5.2Barack Obama & his Political Career
5.3Reasons for Obama's Victory
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